Pregnancy during Adolescence and Associated Risks: An 8-Year Hospital-Based Cohort Study (2007–2014) in Romania, the Country with the Highest Rate of Teenage Pregnancy in Europe

Table 3

Delivery characteristics and outcome among teenagers in comparison with young adults (20–24 years of age).

Delivery characteristics	Age 12–17	Age 18-19	Age ≤ 19	Age 20–24
Gestational age (M ± SD)	38.13 ± 2.10	38.39 ± 1.90	38.31 ± 1.97	38.42 ± 1.81
Preterm birth; O60 RR [CI]; p
<37 wa but >24 wa	170 (13.32%); 1.56 [1.34–1.82]	244 (9.33%); 1.05 [0.91–1.20]	414 (10.63%); 1.21 [1.08–1.35]	842 (8.88%)
<34 wa but >24 wa	51 (3.99%); 1.68 [1.24–2.26]	70 (2.67%); 1.12 [0.86–1.46]	121 (3.10%); 1.32 [1.06–1.64]	255 (2.69%)
<28 wa but >24 wa	5 (0.39%); 1.32 [0.51–3.42]	10 (0.38%); 1.29 [0.62–2.66]	15 (0.38%); 1.30 [0.69–2.44]	43 (0.45%)
Birth weight at delivery (gr); (M ± SD)	3010; 25 ± 5.33	3136; 78 ± 5.36	3096; 40 ± 538.70	3227.08 ± 539.11
Very low birth weight <1500 g; RR [CI]	23 (1.80%); 1.46 [0.93–2.27]	32 (1.22%); 0.99 [0.67–1.46]	55 (1.41%); 1.16 [0.84–1.59]	117 (1.23%)
Low birth weight <2500 g; RR [CI]	161 (12.61%); 1.81 [1.54–2.13]	222 (8.48%); 1.21 [1.05–1.41]	383 (9.84%); 1.43 [1.26–1.61]	1043 (11.00%)
FGR (foetal growth restriction); O36.5RR [CI]	184 (14.42%); 1.38 [1.19–1.60]	352 (13.46%); 1.29 [1.15–1.44]	536 (13.77%); 1.34 [1.21–1.48]	986 (10.40%)
Caesarean section; O82RR [CI]; p	292 (22.88%); 0.74 [0.67–0.82]; p < 0.01	604 (23.09%); 0.75 [0.69–0.81]; p < 0.01	896 (23.02%); 0.75 [0.70–0.80]; p < 0.01	2905 (30.64%)
Episiotomy; RR [CI]	466 (36.52%); 1.45 [1.34–1.57]	920 (35.18%); 1.40 [1.31–1.49]	1386 (35.62%); 1.41 [1.34–1.49]	2382 (25.12%)
Perineal rupture of 1st, 2nd degree; O70.0-1RR [CI]	85 (6.66%); 0.51 [0.41–0.63]	258 (9.86%); 0.75 [0.66–0.86]	343 (8.81%); 0.67 [0.60–0.75]	1232 (12.99%)
Perineal rupture of 3rd, 4th degree; O70.2-3RR [CI]	5 (0.39%); 1.09 [0.42–2.78]	6 (0.22%); 0.63 [0.26–1.52]	11 (0.28%); 0.78 [0.39–1.55]	34 (0.35%)
Cervical laceration; O71.3RR [CI]	45 (3.52%); 1.51 [1.10–2.08]	74 (2.82%); 1.21 [0.94–1.58]	119 (3.05%); 1.31 [1.05–1.64]	220 (2.32%)
Instrumental delivery (Forceps and Vidextractor); O66.5RR [CI]	3 (0.23%); 0.54 [0.16–1.75]	19 (0.72%); 1.67 [0.97–2.88]	22 (0.56%); 1.30 [0.77–2.19]	41 (0.43%)
Cephalopelvic disproportion; O33.1; O33.4RR [CI]	86 (6.73%); 1.60 [1.28–2.00]	120 (4.58%); 1.09 [0.89–1.33]	206 (5.29%); 1.26 [1.07–1.48]	397 (4.18%)
Dystocic presentations, humeral; O32.2RR [CI]	7 (0.54%); 2.16 [0.93–5.11]	7 (0.26%); 1.05 [0.45–2.45]	14 (0.35%); 1.42 [0.73–2.74]	24 (0.25%)
Dystocic presentations; Breech O32.1 RR [CI]	43 (3.36%); 0.74 [0.54–1.01]	102 (3.90%); 0.85 [0.69–1.06]	145 (3.72%); 0.82 [0.68–0.98]	430 (4.53%)
Postpartum haemorrhage; O72 RR [CI]	125 (9.79%); 1.60 [1.33–1.92]	214 (8.18%); 1.33 [1.15–1.55]	339 (8.71%); 1.42 [1.25–1.62]	579 (6.10%)
Instrumental/manual uterine revision; RR [CI]	243 (19.4%); 1.46 [1.29–1.65]	406 (15.52%); 1.19 [1.07–1.32]	649 (16.67%); 1.28 [1.17–1.40]	8247 (88.90%)
Apgar <7 at 1 min; RR [CI]	92 (7.21%); 1.77 [1.42–2.20]	131 (5.00%); 1.23 [1.01–1.49]	223 (5.73%); 1.40 [1.19–1.65]	386 (4.07%)
Apgar <7 at 5 min; RR [CI]	30 (2.35%); 2.06 [1.38–3.07]	31 (1.18%); 1.04 [0.69–1.54]	61 (1.56%); 1.37 [1.00–1.87]	108 (1.13%)
Hospitalisation (number of days) (M ± SD )	5.97 ± 3.96	6.68 ± 3.84	.44 ± 3.89	6.59 ± 4.23

Notes: wa = weeks of amenorrhea.