Household Financial Burden and Poverty Impacts of Cancer Treatment in Vietnam

Table 2

Logistic regression analysis of the correlates of impoverishment.

Subgroup	Odd ratio	95% CI
		Lower bound	Upper bound
Gender
Male	Ref
Female	1.03	0.64	1.65
Age group
<44	Ref
44–60		1.14	2.73
>60		1.03	2.98
Education level
No school	Ref
Primary school	0.73	0.27	1.93
Secondary/high school	0.88	0.34	2.24
Vocational school	1.05	0.25	4.37
College/university	1.22	0.42	3.51
Working status
Do not have paid work	Ref
Have paid work	1.16	0.79	1.71
Health insurance status
Do not have health insurance	Ref
Have health insurance	0.99	0.66	1.5
Household income level
<100% of mean national income		18.6	45.24
100%–200% of mean national income		1.69	4.93
>200% of mean national income	Ref
Cancer site location
At hematological/blood system	Ref
At respiratory system	1.76	0.34	9.07
At digestive system	1.39	0.27	7.22
At reproductive system	1.89	0.36	9.99
Breast cancer	2.19	0.42	11.42
Other cancer	1.71	0.33	8.78
Cancer grade
Cancer grade I	Ref
Cancer grade II	0.6	0.26	1.39
Cancer grade III	0.77	0.36	1.64
Type of treatment
Surgery alone	Ref
Nonsurgery		1.32	4.59
Multiple		1.38	4.17

significant result. or radiotherapy or hormonal therapy or biopharmaceutical therapy alone. treatments include both surgery and nonsurgery treatments.