The Effects of Ex Vivo Administration of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Endotoxin on Cytokine Release of Whole Blood Are Determined by Priming Conditions

Figure 3

(a and b) Box-and-whisker plot of the GM-CSF effect on LPS-induced (a) and fMLP-induced (b) IL-8 production using three different preincubation modes. The dotted zero line represents the absence of differences between LPS- or fMLP-induced IL-8 production with and without GM-CSF. For the different incubation modes, compare Figures 2(a) and 2(b). = significant difference for GM-CSF effect on LPS- or fMLP-induced IL-8 production versus no GM-CSF administration. (c and d) LPS (c) and fMLP (d) plus GM-CSF induced IL-8 production in whole blood (WB) and leukocyte subpopulations (L = lymphocytes, MN = monocytes + lymphocytes, and PMN = neutrophils + eosinophils). Data are presented as means ± SEM. = significant difference for IL-8 increase following GM-CSF (2) compared to controls (1). = significant difference for IL-8 increase following GM-CSF on LPS- or fMLP-induced IL-8 production (4) versus no GM-CSF administration (3).

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