Gallic Acid Attenuates Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Alteration of Smad Phosphoisoform Signaling in Rats

Figure 7

Effects of GA on the (a) α-SMA, (b) PDGFR, (c) TIMP-1, and (d) TIMP-2 gene expressions were measured in the DMN-treated rat liver (n = 8). The results are presented as relative changes normalized to GAPDH. The statistically significant differences are indicated by symbols (^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001 compared with the control group; p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 compared with the DMN-induced group).

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