Postpartum Depression and Risk Factors among Vietnamese Women

Table 2

Factors associated with PPD.

Variables		EPDS		95% CI	OR	p-value
		≥12	<12
Demographic factors
Age	≤ 24	8	22	0.4-2.4	0.9	0.89
	> 24	24	62		Refer
Education	High school graduate and lower	8	39	0.2-0.9	0.4	0.04
	College and higher	24	45		Refer
Address	Rural	16	50	0.3-1.5	0.7	0.35
	Urban	16	34		Refer
Religion	Yes	2	11	0.5-10.8	Refer	0.29
	No	30	73		2.3
Pregnant history
Chronic disease (1)	Yes	7	12	0.2-1.7	Refer	0.32
	No	25	72		0.6
Gynecological diseases during pregnancy (2)	Yes	11	11	0.1-0.8	Refer	0.01
	No	21	73		0.3
First-time mother	Yes	22	39	1.1-6.0	2.5	0.03
	No	10	45		Refer
Breastfeeding	Yes	31	80	0.2-14.4	1.6	0.69
	No	1	4		Refer
Planned pregnancy	Planned	25	76	0.1-1.1	0.4	0.07
	Unplanned	7	8		Refer
Interpersonal characteristics
Family structure	Extended	21	47	0.6-3.5	1.5	0.34
	Nuclear	11	37		Refer
Satisfaction about family life	Feeling happy	8	55	0.1-0.4	0.2	0.000
	Having arguments	24	29		Refer
Communicate and interact with other	Limited than before	23	31	1.8-10.6	4.4	0.001
	As before	9	53		Refer
Tell with others when struggling	Yes	5	4	0.9-14.8	3.7	0.05
	No	27	80		Refer
Having stressful life-events (3)	Yes	23	67	0.2-1.6	Refer	0.36
	No	9	17		0.6