Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2/4 Are Upregulated during the Early Development of Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease

Figure 3

Renal pathology was examined by gross observation and light microscopy. (a) By observing gross specimens, the kidneys in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) group were significantly enlarged, with a grey pale color, rough surface, lack of elasticity, and hard texture. (b) Under light microscopy, dilated tubules were visible in the CKD group from the end of the 2nd week. At the end of the 4th week, aggravated tubular dilation and accumulated brownish or yellowish granular deposits were observed, accompanied by mild interstitial fibrosis and partial glomerular atrophy. With disease progression over time, the histological abnormalities included structural disorder, diffuse tubular dilation, excessive accumulation of granular deposits, tubular epithelial degeneration, necrosis, significant interstitial fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, severe glomerular atrophy, and a dilated lumen at the end of the 8th week.

(a)

(b)