Research Article
Ni-Ru/CeO2 Catalytic Hydrothermal Upgrading of Water-Insoluble Biocrude from Algae Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Table 2
Gaseous products compositions after B1 upgrading at 450°C, 60 min with different additives.
| | Additive | H2
(%) | CO
(%) | CH4
(%) | CO2
(%) | C2H2
(%) | C2H4
(%) | C2H6
(%) | Pressure after reaction (bar) |
| | None | 29.6 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 18.7 ± 2.2 | 16.1 ± 1.1 | 12.2 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 12.5 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | | H2 | 70.7 ± 6.9 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | – | 2.91 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 9.7 ± 0.4 | | Ni-Ru/CeO2 | 41.1 ± 2.7 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 16.6 ± 1.9 | 21.8 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | | Ni-Ru/CeO2+H2 | 70.4 ± 7.7 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 1.7 | 9.7 ± 1.3 | – | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 0.3 | | Ni/CeO2+H2 | 69.8 ± 7.2 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 8.75 ± 1.2 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | – | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 8.2 ± 0.4 |
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