The Early Clinical Outcomes of a Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach via a Surrounding Nerve Root Discectomy Operative Route for the Treatment of Ventral-Type Lumbar Disc Herniation

Figure 2

Images of patients with L5/S1 VLDH. Note. (a-b) Posterior-anterior and lateral radiography during puncture. (c-d) Posterior-anterior and lateral radiography images showing placement of the tapered, cannulated dilator, and working sheath. (e) Placing the endoscopic system and performing the operation. (f) Insertion of the working sheath into a shoulder region. (g) Insertion of the working sheath into an axillary region with the dural sac gently pushed laterally; the protrusion was in the ventral area of the nerve root. indicates the nerve root, ☆ indicates protrusive disc tissues, and ○ indicates the dural sac. (h) Diagram of the operative route through the shoulder and axillary regions of the nerve root. (i) Removal of the herniated disc material has been completed. (j) The removed disc tissues.

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