Research Article

Panax notoginseng Saponins Regulate Macrophage Polarization under Hyperglycemic Condition via NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

PNS treatment influences the differentiation of M1 and M2 macrophages under hyperglycemic conditions. The percentages of M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages under hyperglycemic conditions treated with different levels of PNS were measured according to flow cytometry analysis (a–d). The ratio of M1/M2 phenotype under hyperglycemic conditions treated with different levels of PNS was evaluated (e). CD16 as a biomarker for M1 phenotype macrophages conjugated with FITC and CD206 as a biomarker for M2 phenotype macrophages conjugated with PE, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n=3 per group). indicates p<0.01 and indicates p<0.05.