A Glance at the Nuclear Envelope Spectrin Repeat Protein 3

Table 1

Binding partners of nesprin-3 and their functions.

Protein	Binding requirements	Functions	References
SUN proteins: SUN1, SUN2, SUN3, SUN4 (SPAG4) and SUN5 (SPAGL4)	The last four amino acids (PPPT) of the nesprin-3 KASH domain are required.	SUN proteins can interact with lamin A, thus nesprin–SUN can bridge nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton.	[3, 9, 10, 15, 19, 49, 50]
Cytoskeletal linker proteins: plectin, BPAG1 and MACF	Two residues in the first spectrin repeat of nesprin-3α are essential for this interaction.	Can link NE to IFs or microtubules; plectin can also cross-link IFs with F-actin; BPAG1 and MACF can connect nesprin-3 with microtubule and actin cytoskeleton.	[1, 15]
AAA + proteins: torsinA and torsinB	KASH domain of nesprin-3 is the binding domain.	Keep the integrity of LINC complexes; migration of torsinA from ER to NE can relocate nesprin-3.	[15, 25, 29]
Other nesprins: nesprin-1 and nesprin-2	Second spectrin in nesprin-3 is needed.	Form a interacted network covering the outer nuclear membrane, which maintains nuclear morphology and mediates nuclear movement.	[33, 34]