A Novel Control Method for Rotary Blood Pumps as Left Ventricular Assist Device Utilizing Aortic Valve State Detection

Figure 3

An example of control method performance with Sputnik 1 during contractility changes: control method tries to maintain approximated pump flow near 4 L/min along with maintaining the partial support state which leads to a periodic pump speed decrease in accordance with the index; —aortic valve flow (L/s), —index, —total flow (L/min), —approximated pump flow (L/min), —desired pump flow (L/min), —pump speed (rpm), —contractility (%).