Relationship between Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Level and Microvascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

First Author, Year, Country	Study design	Measurement of ADMA	Paticipants	Group	Diabetes duration (years)	Criteria	N	Age, years	M/F	Disease duration (years)	ADMA, mean±SD
Jayachandran, 2017, India	case- control	ELISA	Type 2 DM	NB	NR	<30 μg/mg UACR	45	46.4±8.4	28/17	NR	0.62±0.27
				MIC	NR	30-299 μg/mg UACR	45	52.2±5.9	36/9	NR	0.79±0.20
				MAC	NR	≥ 300 μg/mg UACR	45	51.8±6.7	34/11	NR	0.85±0.27
Bekpinar, 2015, Turkey	case- control	HPLC	Type 2 DM	NB	9.3±1.2	<30 mg/day UAER	30	54.2±1.3	12/18	9.3±1.2	0.775±0.115
				MIC	12.7±1.5	30-300 mg/day UAER	30	59.4±1.5	17/13	12.7±1.5	0.724±0.142
				MAC	14.1±1.3	> 300 mg/day UAER	30	61.8±1.36	16/14	14.1±1.3	0.78±0.153
Tanhauserováa, 2012, Czech Republic	cross- sectional	HPLC	T1DM & T2DM	NB	16(11-23)	<30 mg/day UAER	71	52(36-64)	NR	16(11-23)	0.36±0.059
				MIC	11(7-19)	30-300 mg/day UAER	115	66(56-75)	NR	11(7-19)	0.41±0.052
				MAC	17(10-22)	>300 mg/day UAER	155	65(60-74)	NR	17(10-22)	0.41±0.067
Krzyzanowska, 2011, Austria	cross- sectional	HPLC	Type 2 DM	Non-DR	9 (4–16)	ETDRS	60	62(54-69)	41/19	9 (4–16)	0.55±0.14
				DR	14 (10–17)	ETDRS	67	64 (56-73)	37/30	14 (10–17)	0.62±0.32
Yasar, 2011, Turkey	case- control	IMA	T1DM & T2DM	Non-DN	9.1±6.3	NSST	28	58.1±15.5	NR	9.1±6.3	0.51±0.51
				DN	12.2±7.4	NSST	30	62.9±11.1	NR	12.2±7.4	0.53±0.49
Abhary, 2009, Australia	case- control	HPLC	T1DM & T2DM	Non-DR	NR	ETDRS	330	NR	NR	NR	0.67±0.14
				DR	NR	ETDRS	175	NR	NR	NR	0.72±0.19
Yonem, 2009, Turkey	cross- sectional	ELISA	Type 2 DM	Non-DR	6.4±5.5	NR	41	52.6±9.4	23/18	6.4±5.5	0.93±0.42
				DR	13.5±8.3	NR	38	58.3±9.7	20/18	13.5±8.3	0.84±0.34
Makino, 2008, Japan	cross- sectional	HPLC	Type 2 DM	NB	12±8	<30 mg/day UAER	121	62±9	76/45	12±8	0.45±0.06
				MIC	14±8	30-300 mg/day UAER	71	65±8	34/37	14±8	0.47±0.07
				MAC	18±8	>300 mg/day UAER	25	66±7	12/13	18±8	0.55±0.11
Krzyzanowska, 2007, Austria	cross- sectional	HPLC	Type 2 DM	NB	9(4-14)	<30 mg/day UAER	36	62(56-69)	18/18	9(4-14)	0.55±0.11
				MIC	10(3-18)	30-300 mg/day UAER	40	63(56-72)	28/12	10(3-18)	0.61±0.11
				MAC	14(6-22)	>300 mg/day UAER	27	66(61-74)	17/10	14(6-22)	0.62±0.22
Malecki, 2007, Poland	case- control	HPLC	Type 2 DM	Non-DR	NR	NR	111	56.2±6.5	NR	NR	0.51±0.06
				DR	NR	NR	71	56.2±6.5	NR	NR	0.60±0.06

M, male; F, male; NB, normoalbuminuria; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; MIC, microalbuminuric; MAC, macroalbuminuric; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; UACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio; UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate; ETDRS, the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification; NR, not reported; IMA, Immunosorbent Assay; NSST, Neuropathy Symptom Score test; DN: diabetic neuropathy; DR: diabetic retinopathy.