Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reduced Bone Mineral Density in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and low BMD in all SLE patients and postmenopausal and premenopausal patients.

Variable	All patients				Premenopausal patients				Postmenopausal patients
	Number of studies	Sample size	Prevalence; (95% CI)	I^2	Number of studies	Sample size	Prevalence; (95% CI)	I^2	Number of studies	Sample size	Prevalence; (95% CI)	I^2
Osteopenia
Spine	26	2951	35% (33, 38)	51.8%	4	264	29% (22, 37)	45.7%	4	189	37% (30, 44)	0.0%
Femur	15	1290	43% (38, 47)	66.0%	3	164	24% (17, 31)	0.0%	4	189	53% (38, 68)	74.8%
Total hip	15	2293	35% (27, 42)	92.7%	2	174	16% (11, 20)	0.0%	2	122	53% (26, 80)	88.0%
Any site	34	3319	38% (31, 45)	95.2%	8	502	42% (31, 52)	85.1%	3	234	25% (2, 48)	95.7%
Osteoporosis
Spine	28	3317	13% (10, 15)	86.8%	9	512	13% (7, 19)	83.5%	4	189	27% (16, 37)	61.7%
Femur	15	1389	6% (5, 8)	8.0%	4	234	5% (2, 8)	4.2%	4	189	7% (2, 13)	54.3%
Total hip	15	2078	4% (3, 5)	63.7%	2	174	1% (-0, 3)	0.0%	2	122	12% (6, 18)	0.0%
Any site	42	29543	13% (11, 16)	90.8%	10	613	9% (5, 12)	73.0%	3	234	21% (11, 31)	74.0%
Low BMD
Spine	29	3283	48% (43, 53)	89.2%	9	552	43% (32, 55)	88.9%	3	171	71% (56, 86)	79.2%
Femur	18	1602	47% (35, 59)	96.6%	5	257	39% (27, 51)	75.6%	4	189	61% (51, 71)	50.8%
Total hip	19	2686	36% (26, 46)	97.4%	4	301	16% (11, 20)	23.0%	2	122	65% (43, 83)	84.0%
Any site	40	5171	45% (38, 51)	96.6%	16	1179	40% (29, 51)	95.1%	2	153	43% (22, 63)	86.0%