Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine Extract: Sedative and Hypnotic Effects in Mice and Component Compounds

Figure 2

Sleep-stage distributions produced by SWFI, PRPCA, and DZP. (a) Time course of changes in wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep. Each circle represents the mean hourly amount of time spent in each stage. The horizontal open and filled bars on the X-axes indicate the 12-h light and 12-h dark periods, respectively. (b) Total time spent in wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep during the 12-h light and 12-h dark periods. White, gray, and black circles/bars represent the profiles for the SWFI, PRPCA, and DZP groups, respectively. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM; ^#P<0.05: PRPCA vs. SWFI; P<0.05: PRPCA vs. DZP; ^∆∆P<0.01 and ^∆P<0.05: SWFI vs. DZP as assessed using ANOVA followed by the LSD test. SWFI: sterile water for injection; PRPCA: Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine; DZP: diazepam; REM: rapid eye movement; NREM: nonrapid eye movement; ANOVA: analysis of variance: LSD: least significant difference.