The Relationship between Knee Adduction Moment and Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms according to Static Alignment and Pelvic Drop
Table 3
Characteristics of patients stratified by KL grade and pelvic drop angle according to the more affected side in the varus group.
Characteristics
Stratified by KL grade
Stratified by pelvic drop angle (PDA)
KL grade 2 n = 14
KL grade 3 n = 26
KL grade 4 n = 37
PDA ≤ 3° n = 45
PDA > 3° n = 32
Demographic variables
Age (years)
48.3 (7.3)
57.0 (9.9)‖
67.8 (7.5)¶
61.6 (11.6)
65.3 (7.8)§
Women, n (%)
11 (78.6%)
25 (96.2%)
32 (86.5%)
38 (84.4%)
30 (93.8%)
Height (m)
1.59 (0.05)
1.57 (0.04)
1.57 (0.07)
1.58 (0.06)
1.55 (0.06)§
Weight (kg)
59.6 (5.1)
61.9 (7.6)
61.1 (11.7)
61.4 (11.0)
61.1 (9.1)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.6 (1.4)
25.2 (3.2)
24.8 (4.0)
24.4 (3.5)
25.5 (3.8)
Clinical variables
Alignment (HKA angle) (degrees)
1.9 (1.5)
2.6 (2.1)
8.1 (4.4)¶
5.4 (4.2)
6.7 (5.0)
VAS pain (0–10)
5.0 (0.8)
5.3 (0.9)
6.7 (0.7)¶
6.0 (1.1)
6.3 (0.9)§
HSS score (0–100)
69.3 (5.3)
64.7 (7.3)
51.6 (8.5)¶
58.1 (9.7)
55.3 (11.2)§
Passive RoM (degrees)
120.0 (13.1)
120.4 (10.6)
98.5 (14.6)¶
111.6 (15.2)
100.6 (17.5)§
Biomechanical variables
Self-selected walking speed (m/s)
0.98 (0.18)
0.78 (0.21)‖
0.63 (0.19)¶
0.73 (0.21)
0.65 (0.22)§
Peak KAM (Nm/(BW × HT)%)
3.45 (0.71)
2.90 (1.10)
3.75 (1.08)¶
3.39 (1.18)
3.53 (1.09)
KAM impulse (Nm·s/(BW × HT)%)
1.29 (0.48)
1.27 (0.69)
2.12 (1.04)¶
1.66 (0.91)
1.97 (1.11)
KL: Kellgren and Lawrence; PDA: pelvic drop angle; HKA: hip-knee-ankle; VAS: visual analog scale; HSS: the hospital for special surgery; RoM: range of motion; KAM: knee adduction moment; BW: body weight; HT: height; “‖” means significantly different to KL grade 2 (); “¶” means significantly different to KL grade 3 (); “§” means significantly different to PDA ≤ 3° (). Means (standard deviations) are provided above for variables.
