The Relationship between Knee Adduction Moment and Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms according to Static Alignment and Pelvic Drop
Table 4
Linear relationships between KAM-related measures (independent variable) and VAS pain (dependent variable) according to radiographic disease severity and pelvic drop angle (PDA) in the varus group.
VAS pain
Univariable analysis
Multivariable analysis
Multivariable analysis†
Correlation coefficient
Regression coefficient
Slope value
Correlation coefficient
Regression coefficient
Slope value
Correlation coefficient
Regression coefficient
Slope value
Peak KAM (Nm/(BW × HT)%)
KL grade 2 (n = 14)
−0.102
−0.109
0.811
−0.681
−0.729
0.104
−0.769
−0.823
≤0.001
KL grade 3 (n = 26)
0.019
0.015
0.894
0.160
0.125
0.153
0.183
0.144
0.109
KL grade 4 (n = 37)
0.175
0.111
0.091
0.179
0.113
0.082
0.163
0.103
0.116
PDA ≤ 3 (n = 45)
0.346
0.326
0.001
0.284
0.268
0.001
0.262
0.247
0.002
PDA > 3 (n = 32)
0.175
0.144
0.167
0.127
0.104
0.205
0.151
0.125
0.126
KAM impulse (Nm·s/(BW × HT)%)
KL grade 2 (n = 14)
0.158
0.250
0.709
−0.813
−1.284
0.160
−0.878
−1.645
≤0.001
KL grade 3 (n = 26)
0.096
0.119
0.500
0.144
0.180
0.189
0.133
0.166
0.248
KL grade 4 (n = 37)
0.172
0.113
0.098
0.169
0.111
0.102
0.132
0.087
0.274
PDA ≤ 3 (n = 45)
0.388
0.475
≤0.001
0.275
0.336
0.001
0.255
0.312
0.009
PDA > 3 (n = 32)
0.347
0.280
0.005
0.190
0.153
0.066
0.139
0.112
0.207
KL: Kellgren and Lawrence; PDA: pelvic drop angle; KAM: knee adduction moment; BW: body weight; HT: height; VAS: visual analog scale. Age; †age, speed.
