The Relationship between Knee Adduction Moment and Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms according to Static Alignment and Pelvic Drop

Table 5

Linear relationships between KAM-related measures (independent variable) and HSS score (dependent variable) according to radiographic disease severity and pelvic drop angle (PDA) in the varus group.

HSS score	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis			Multivariable analysis^†
	Correlation coefficient	Regression coefficient	Slope value	Correlation coefficient	Regression coefficient	Slope value	Correlation coefficient	Regression coefficient	Slope value
Peak KAM (Nm/(BW × HT)%)
KL grade 2 (n = 14)	−0.864	−6.500	0.006	−0.875	-9.101	≤0.001	−0.899	−9.306	≤0.001
KL grade 3 (n = 26)	0.150	0.991	0.288	0.147	0.973	0.313	0.084	0.555	0.556
KL grade 4 (n = 37)	0.069	0.541	0.510	0.065	0.511	0.530	0.070	0.549	0.505
PDA ≤ 3 (n = 45)	−0.209	−1.725	0.008	−0.163	−1.345	0.028	−0.142	−1.174	0.048
PDA > 3 (n = 32)	−0.055	−0.566	0.667	−0.019	−0.199	0.867	−0.047	−0.481	0.681
KAM impulse (Nm·s/(BW × HT)%)
KL grade 2 (n = 14)	−0.684	−7.597	0.061	−0.785	−17.530	0.001	−0.863	−18.594	≤0.001
KL grade 3 (n = 26)	−0.110	−1.157	0.437	−0.114	−1.198	0.427	−0.026	−0.275	0.855
KL grade 4 (n = 37)	0.076	0.621	0.466	0.080	0.650	0.441	0.129	1.053	0.290
PDA ≤ 3 (n = 45)	−0.265	−2.847	0.001	−0.181	−1.944	0.006	−0.148	−1.591	0.011
PDA > 3 (n = 32)	−0.210	−2.118	0.096	−0.092	−0.925	0.441	−0.008	−0.077	0.952

KL: Kellgren and Lawrence; PDA: pelvic drop angle; KAM: knee adduction moment; BW: body weight; HT: height; HSS: the hospital for special surgery. Age; ^†age, speed.