| | | Entire cohort (n = 124,148) | By gender | By calendar year | | Female (n = 45,003) | Male (n = 79,145) | p value | 2002 (n = 7,308) | 2014 (n = 11,784) | p value |
| | Age (years) (mean ± standard deviation) | 68.53 ± 12.75 | 66.67 ± 13.35 | 69.58 ± 12.28 | <0.0001 | 68.13 ± 12.30 | 67.80 ± 12.90 | 0.0762 | | Sex | | | | | | | — | | | | | <0.0001 | | Female | 45,003 | (36.25) | — | — | — | — | | 2,429 | (33.24) | 4,840 | (41.07) | | | Male | 79,145 | (63.75) | — | — | — | — | | 4,879 | (66.76) | 6,944 | (58.93) | | | Place of residence, no. (%) | | | | | | | <0.0001 | | | | | <0.0001 | | Urban | 62,187 | (50.09) | 24,468 | (54.37) | 37,719 | (47.66) | | 3,609 | (49.38) | 6,597 | (55.98) | | | Suburban | 36,873 | (29.70) | 12,670 | (28.15) | 24,203 | (30.58) | | 2,353 | (32.20) | 3,744 | (31.77) | | | Rural | 14,900 | (12.00) | 4,951 | (11.00) | 9,949 | (12.57) | | 1,037 | (14.19) | 1,385 | (11.75) | | | Unknown | 10,188 | (8.21) | 2,914 | (6.48) | 7,274 | (9.19) | | 309 | (4.23) | 58 | (0.49) | | | Income levels, no. (%) | | | | | | | <0.0001 | | | | | <0.0001 | | Quintile 1 | 16,536 | (13.32) | 4,747 | (10.55) | 11,789 | (14.90) | | 1,924 | (26.33) | 0 | (0.00) | | | Quintile 2 | 31,632 | (25.48) | 11,466 | (25.48) | 20,166 | (25.48) | | 3,241 | (44.35) | 3,141 | (26.65) | | | Quintile 3 | 16,190 | (13.04) | 5,758 | (12.79) | 10,432 | (13.18) | | 184 | (2.52) | 597 | (5.07) | | | Quintile 4 | 26,534 | (21.37) | 10,586 | (23.52) | 15,948 | (20.15) | | 485 | (6.64) | 5,075 | (43.07) | | | Quintile 5 | 23,469 | (18.90) | 9,682 | (21.51) | 13,787 | (17.42) | | 1,096 | (15.00) | 2,931 | (24.87) | | | Unknown | 9,787 | (7.88) | 2,764 | (6.14) | 7,023 | (8.87) | | 378 | (5.17) | 40 | (0.34) | | | Occupation, no. (%) | | | | | | | <0.0001 | | | | | <0.0001 | | Dependents of the insured individuals | 36,796 | (29.64) | 16,724 | (37.16) | 20,072 | (25.36) | | 2,050 | (28.05) | 4,172 | (35.40) | | | Civil servants, teachers, military personnel, and veterans | 5,876 | (4.73) | 1,617 | (3.59) | 4,259 | (5.38) | | 160 | (2.19) | 1,132 | (9.61) | | | Nonmanual workers and professionals | 8,990 | (7.24) | 3,491 | (7.76) | 5,499 | (6.95) | | 474 | (6.49) | 1,213 | (10.29) | | | Manual workers | 38,813 | (31.26) | 14,032 | (31.18) | 24,781 | (31.31) | | 28,68 | (39.24) | 3,926 | (33.32) | | | Other | 33,673 | (27.12) | 9,139 | (20.31) | 24,534 | (31.00) | | 1,756 | (24.03) | 1,341 | (11.38) | | | Charlson Index (mean ± standard deviation) | 3.80 ± 3.09 | 3.73 ± 3.11 | 3.83 ± 3.08 | <.0001 | 4.23 ± 3.12 | 3.48 ± 3.03 | <0.0001 |
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