Motor Improvement in Adolescents Affected by Ataxia Secondary to Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Temporal, spatial, kinematics and kinetics characteristics acquired with gait analysis on GRAIL before (T0) and after (T1) training.
T0
T1
Healthy
-val T0 vs T1
-val T0 vs healthy
-val T1 vs healthy
Stance%
69.4 (1.7)
69.1 (2.1)
67 (2.5)
0.123
0.001
0.008
CV%
4 (1.6)
3 (1.8)
2.1 (1.3)
0.175
0.013
0.094
Step length [cm]
36.6 (2.5)
42.7 (8)
42.1 (10)
0.001
0.019
0.863
CV%
12 (3.6)
9.4 (3.4)
7.5 (2.3)
0.001
0.004
0.225
Step width [cm]
18.9 (7)
16.6 (4.1)
15 (5)
0.206
0.190
0.387
CV%
16.9 (6.2)
19.6 (8.9)
14 (5)
0.147
0.226
0.132
Gait speed [cm/s]
66.9 (10.7)
78.1 (12.1)
88.4 (24.9)
0.001
0.000
0.057
CV%
10.2 (4.8)
8.5 (3.2)
5.4 (1.1)
0.019
0.000
0.000
Max ankle power [W]
0.9 (0.2)
1.3 (0.5)
1.3 (1.3)
0.020
0.008
0.477
CV%
31.5 (15)
24.1 (8.5)
28.2 (12.4)
0.002
0.215
0.692
Max knee power [W]
0.6 (0.3)
0.6 (0.3)
0.9 (0.3)
0.322
0.003
0.014
CV%
27 (12.9)
26.1 (7.4)
29.8 (13.6)
0.492
0.895
0.732
Max hip power [W]
0.4 (0.2)
0.5 (0.1)
0.9 (0.4)
0.105
0.001
0.016
CV%
25.3 (8.7)
23.1 (7.6)
20.8 (9.3)
0.193
0.179
0.895
Max ankle flex [°]
11.9 (2.3)
13.9 (3.1)
17.6 (2.7)
0.067
0.001
0.002
CV%
11.2 (7.5)
12.3 (7)
7.3 (4.3)
0.520
0.019
0.021
Max ankle ext [°]
6.1 (3.5)
6.7 (4.9)
5.4 (4.7)
0.577
0.711
0.289
SD∗
2.2 (1.2)
2.3 (1)
2.9 (2.5)
0.898
0.474
0.474
Max knee flex [°]
57 (6.8)
59 (5.2)
63.2 (5)
0.032
0.001
0.005
CV%
6.2 (2.9)
6.2 (2.2)
3.8 (1.7)
0.240
0.004
0.007
Max knee ext [°]
−3.1 (3.4)
−3 (4.3)
0.1 (4.4)
0.966
0.025
0.051
SD∗
2.2 (0.5)
1.9 (0.8)
1.5 (1.1)
0.966
0.160
0.289
Max hip flex [°]
33.3 (7.3)
35.3 (9.4)
32.4 (10.2)
0.278
0.786
0.388
CV%
6 (2.3)
5.8 (1.5)
5.5 (2.3)
0.638
0.245
0.473
Max hip ext [°]
2.2 (7.5)
1.2 (7.8)
3.4 (9.6)
0.413
0.336
0.388
SD∗
2.6 (1.1)
2.5 (1.1)
2.1 (0.8)
0.700
0.098
0.160
ROM hip abd [°]
9.2 (4.3)
11.9 (4)
11.7 (4)
0.001
0.145
0.863
CV%
16.9 (7.9)
17 (3.9)
15.3 (1.9)
0.365
0.097
0.287
ROM pelvic tilt [°]
4.9 (0.9)
5.2 (1.8)
4.2 (1.2)
0.102
0.022
0.005
CV%
30.2 (4.5)
28.7 (3.1)
26 (6.2)
0.240
0.040
0.174
ROM pelvic ob [°]
5.7 (2.1)
6.4 (1.9)
6.6 (2.4)
0.413
0.604
0.980
CV%
23.7 (4.8)
18.3 (7.2)
17.7 (4.8)
0.010
0.006
0.415
ROM pelvic rot [°]
10.8 (4.4)
11.5 (4.7)
8.4 (5.1)
0.175
0.120
0.013
CV%
28.1 (9.1)
28.5 (6.6)
28.8 (8.9)
0.042
0.711
0.748
Data are reported as median (interquartile ranges); CV: coefficient of variation; SD: standard deviations; ROM: range of motion; flex: flexion; ext: extension; -val: values. values refer to the nonparametric paired Wilcoxon test in column “T0 vs T1”, while they refer to the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test in column “T0 vs healthy” and “T1 vs healthy”.
