Identification of the Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Hepatic Tumorigenesis of Rat Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via <sup>1</sup>H NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis

<div>The development of primary HCCs in rats treated with intraperitoneal administration of DEN monitored by MR imaging. (a) The changes of body weight of the rats in the two groups at different time points. (b) The representative MR images of rat livers in two groups examined by MRI with different sequences (T1WI, T2WI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1WI) at 15th week after DEN injection. Both T2WI and DCE-T1WI detected a nodule in the liver with 15 weeks of treatment. (c) The histopathology of the livers treated with DEN shows the representative cirrhotic change of liver lobules at the 3rd week and <svg height="12.3641pt" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 14.7256 12.3641" width="14.7256pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.24,-5.741)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.125,-5.741)"><path d="M522 0V30C462 35 455 41 455 106V280C455 397 397 451 314 451C262 451 206 414 171 379V710C131 698 69 682 20 675V647C87 642 90 637 90 574V106C90 41 80 35 20 30V0H236V30C176 35 171 43 171 106V339C198 371 237 391 276 391C341 391 374 350 374 269V106C374 43 367 35 308 30V0H522Z"></path></g></svg> week after DEN administration and the typical HCC nodules in the liver at the 15th week after DEN administration.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Identification of the Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Hepatic Tumorigenesis of Rat Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via <sup>1</sup>H NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis 

Figure 1 | Identification of the Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Hepatic Tumorigenesis of Rat Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via 1H NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis 