Identification of the Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Hepatic Tumorigenesis of Rat Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma via 1H NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis
Table 1
Comparison of different metabolite levels between the control and DEN group during the different time period after DEN treatment.
Metabolites
Chemical shift
3-Weeks
8-Weeks
15-Weeks
CON
DEN
CON
DEN
CON
DEN
Energy metabolism
α-Glucose
δ 5.22
3.26±0.14
2.64±0.24
3.09±0.23
1.75±0.09
3.44±0.14
1.64±0.05
β-Glucose
δ 4.65
3.4±0.17
2.77±0.26
3.21±0.27
1.85±0.10
3.54±0.22
1.66±0.05
Succinate
δ 2.40
7.91±0.46
8.03±0.43
7.27±0.37
8.36±0.37
6.55±0.42
6.50±0.30
Fumarate
δ 6.50
0.22±0.03
0.27±0.02
0.26±0.02
0.29±0.02
0.24±0.02
0.25±0.03
Lactate
δ 1.33
10.88±0.41
10.08±0.95
9.40±0.73
11.72±0.62
9.70±0.44
12.60±0.59
Creatine
δ 3.02
1±0.07
0.92±0.13
0.87±0.04
0.77±0.04
0.99±0.07
1.73±0.22
Lipid metabolism
Acetate
δ 1.90
0.85±0.03
0.92±0.06
0.80±0.04
0.78±0.02
0.81±0.05
1.11±0.02
Amino acid metabolism
Valine
δ 1.04
0.88±0.03
0.94±0.05
0.86±0.04
0.84±0.03
0.83±0.05
1.09±0.04
Isoleucine
δ 0.94
0.56±0.02
0.6±0.04
0.58±0.03
0.42±0.02
0.54±0.03
0.57±0.02
Leucine
δ 0.98
1.27±0.03
1.41±0.08
1.26±0.04
1.04±0.04
1.32±0.08
1.47±0.04
Glutamate
δ 2.35
2.51±0.13
3.05±0.18
2.56±0.18
3.95±0.22
2.49±0.17
5.22±0.21
Alanine
δ 1.48
3.8±0.11
3.66±0.16
3.68±0.19
4.39±0.14
3.60±0.09
3.20±0.10
Lysine
δ 1.70
2.7±0.08
2.97±0.17
2.66±0.13
2.44±0.07
2.67±0.16
3.64±0.09
Betaine
δ 3.30
3.27±0.27
4.32±0.5
3.21±0.35
15.48±1.2
3.00±0.22
3.68±0.28
Histidine
δ 7.10
0.89±0.03
1.02±0.04
1.00±0.08
1.03±0.03
0.88±0.04
1.07±0.05
Glutamine
δ 2.45
8.61±0.12
9.03±0.07
8.62±0.05
9.34±0.11
8.56±0.11
9.54±0.09
Glycine
δ 3.55
3.48±0.16
3.82±0.14
3.60±0.19
3.57±0.19
3.92±0.17
7.11±0.38
Other metabolites
Glutathione
δ 2.90
1.66±0.06
2.05±0.05
1.87±0.07
2.43±0.08
1.84±0.05
2.69±0.08
Ethanol
δ 1.20
3.44±0.36
3.78±0.39
3.31±0.40
3.29±0.34
3.40±0.27
3.75±0.39
Choline
δ 3.20
0.76±0.07
0.74±0.06
0.48±0.04
0.38±0.02
0.82±0.11
0.90±0.07
Cytidine
δ 5.90
0.24±0.01
0.23±0.01
0.24±0.01
0.18±0.01
0.16±0.01
0.15±0.01
Hypoxanthine
δ 8.20
2.52±0.08
2.62±0.13
2.63±0.10
1.82±0.06
2.45±0.13
2.18±0.14
Niacinamide
δ 7.60
0.47±0.06
0.44±0.04
0.41±0.02
0.31±0.03
0.63±0.06
0.59±0.04
Inosine
δ 8.30
0.57±0.02
0.59±0.02
0.59±0.03
0.44±0.02
0.59±0.03
0.53±0.02
Values are expressed as mean ± SE. CON, control group; DEN, DEN-induced group. Significant levels: p< 0.5, p< 0.01, and p< 0.001, compared with control group, which were FDR correction for p values calculated from independent samples t-test.
