Nomogram for Individualized Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis on Conservative Treatment
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of patients with PVTT.
Variables
Derivation cohort n = 210 (%)
Validation cohort n = 102 (%)
value
Median age (range)
54 (28–80)
62(34–91)
<0.001a
Sex (M/F)
177/33 (84.3/15.7)
97/5 (95.1/4.9)
0.006b
HBV related
190/20 (90.5/9.5)
71/31 (69.6/30.4)
<0.001b
Cirrhosis (yes/no)
193/17 (91.9/8.1)
94/8 (92.2/7.8)
0.939b
Comorbidity index†
<0.001b
0 score
131 (62.4)
85 (83.3)
1 score
3 (1.4)
4 (3.9)
2 score
68 (32.4)
8 (7.8)
≥3 score
8 (3.8)
5 (4.9)
ALT (IU/L) (≥70/<70)
74/136 (35.2/64.8)
19/83 (18.6/81.4)
0.003b
AST (IU/L) (≥119/<119)
78/132 (37.1/62.9)
26/76 (25.5/74.5)
0.041b
GGT (IU/L) (≥115/<115)
144/66 (68.6/31.4)
70/32 (68.6/31.4)
0.992b
Child–Pugh class (A or B/C)
176/34 (83.8/16.2)
78/24 (76.5/23.5)
0.118b
WBC (× 109/L) (≥4.3/<4.3)
133/77 (63.3/36.7)
67/35 (65.7/34.3)
0.684b
Cr (μmoI/L) (≥91/<91)
28/182 (13.3/86.7)
19/83 (18.6/81.4)
0.220b
Portal vein invasion (Vp2-3/Vp4)
64/146 (30.5/69.5)
35/67 (34.3/65.7)
0.494b
AFP (ng/mL) (≥400/<400)
100/110 (47.6/52.4)
45/57 (44.1/55.9)
0.561b
Tumor number (≥3/<3)
121/89 (57.6/42.4)
46/56 (45.1/54.9)
0.038b
Tumor diameter (cm) (≥5/< 5)
130/80 (61.9/38.1)
59/43 (57.8/42.2)
0.491b
Lymph node metastasis (yes/no)
33/177 (15.7/84.3)
10/92 (9.8/90.2)
0.155b
BCLC stage (C/D)
168/42 (80/20)
86/16 (84.3/15.7)
0.358b
TNM stage (IIIB/IVA)
177/33 (84.3/15.7)
94/8 (92.2/7.8)
0.054b
Data are presented as n (%), or median (interquartile range). †Comorbidity index includes 11 disease categories described fully in the Methods section. at-test. b Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. HBV: hepatitis B virus; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; WBC: white blood cell count; Cr: creatinine; AFP: α-fetoprotein; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic for Liver Cancer; TNM: tumor, node, metastasis staging.
