Emodin Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inhibiting the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β Pathway in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

Figure 4

Emodin inhibits the activation of the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3β pathway induced by H₂O₂. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with emodin at a concentration of 50 μM for 24 h and with H₂O₂ (200 μM) for 1 h. The experiment was divided into the control group, H₂O₂ group, and H₂O₂+emodin group. (a) Western blot was performed to confirm the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, mTOR, p-TOR, GSK3β, and p-GSK3β. (b) The protein expression of p-PI3K/PI3K in the control group, H₂O₂ group, and H₂O₂+emodin group. (c) The protein expression of p-mTOR/mTOR in the control group, H₂O₂ group, and H₂O₂+emodin group. (d) The protein expression of p-GSK3β/GSK3β in the control group, H₂O₂ group, and H₂O₂+emodin group. “” means compared with the untreated group at , and “#” means compared with the H₂O₂ group at . GAPDH was used as an invariant internal control for calculating protein fold changes.

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