A Comparative Study of the Bias Correction Methods for Differential Item Functioning Analysis in Logistic Regression with Rare Events Data

Figure 2

The average type I error rates of MLE (solid lines), PMLE (dotted line), and WLR (broken line) methods on measures with 5 and 15 items. Note. Left panel for DIF = 0.4 and right panel for DIF = 0.8. From top to bottom, the four panels are (n_f = n_r, τ = 0.156), (n_f = 3n_r, τ = 0.156), (n_f = n_r, τ = 0.069), and (n_f = 3n_r, τ = 0.069).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)