A Comparative Study of the Bias Correction Methods for Differential Item Functioning Analysis in Logistic Regression with Rare Events Data
Table 3
The results of DIF analysis across male and female Serbian individuals based on ML, PML, and WLR methods.
Item
ML
PML
WLR
B
SE
value
B
SE
value
B
SE
value
τ
Social phobia
7
0.61
0.29
0.032
0.6
0.29
0.042
0.61
0.31
0.042
0.24
20
−1.16
0.44
0.007
−1.13
0.44
0.01
−1.19
0.42
0.002
0.17
38
1.24
0.44
0.002
1.19
0.43
0.004
1.18
0.41
0.001
0.19
43
−1.57
0.47
<0.001
−1.52
0.46
0.001
−1.56
0.44
<0.001
0.19
Separation anxiety
9
−0.89
0.48
0.06
−0.86
0.47
0.1
−0.83
0.36
0.015
0.31
17
2.06
1.22
0.045
1.7
1.06
0.092
0.97
0.75
0.008
0.11
45
0.96
0.48
0.034
0.91
0.47
0.059
1.04
0.56
0.036
0.09
46
−3.04
1.14
0.001
−2.69
1.01
0.003
−1.9
0.51
<0.001
0.14
Generalized anxiety disorder
13
1.14
0.35
0.001
1.12
0.35
0.001
1.12
0.35
0.001
0.31
37
−2.01
0.44
<0.001
−1.96
0.44
<0.001
−1.95
0.44
<0.001
0.22
Obsessive compulsive disorder
23
0.79
0.43
0.059
0.75
0.43
0.1
0.79
0.41
0.038
0.18
Major depression
2
1.23
0.45
0.004
1.18
0.44
0.006
1.19
0.45
0.003
0.19
6
−1.22
0.58
0.031
−1.18
0.56
0.043
−1.15
0.42
0.004
0.12
21
0.63
0.32
0.048
0.62
0.32
0.072
0.65
0.34
0.049
0.26
Note. value is reported in three decimal places for more accuracy of comparing the three models. τ: the fraction of 1s in the population that is extracted from a data set of 4192 adolescents in eleven countries. B: regression coefficient for testing uniform DIF. SE: standard error of regression coefficient.
