Research Article
Anemia and Kidney Function Decline among the Middle-Aged and Elderly in China: A Population-Based National Longitudinal Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| | Characteristics | Total () | Nonrapid decline () | Rapid decline () | value |
| | Age (years) | 58.6 (8.8) | 57.9 (8.5) | 60.9 (9.2) | <0.001 | | Male | 3333 (46.2) | 2373 (43.9) | 960 (53.3) | <0.001 | | Rural residents | 6065 (84.1) | 4587 (84.8) | 1478 (82.0) | 0.016 | | High school education or above | 679 (9.4) | 518 (9.6) | 161 (8.9) | 0.426 | | PCE (yuan), median (IQR) | 6258.2 (3871.7, 10463.4) | 6137.0 (3862.3, 10283.2) | 6703.1 (3965.3, 10957.1) | 0.022 | | Medical insurance | 6849 (95.0) | 5150 (95.2) | 1699 (94.3) | 0.154 | | Current smoker | 2120 (29.4) | 1543 (28.5) | 577 (32.0) | <0.001 | | Current drinker | 2382 (33.0) | 1776 (32.8) | 606 (33.6) | 0.027 | | Having physical examinations in the past two years | 5340 (74.1) | 3980 (73.6) | 1360 (75.5) | 0.100 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 (3.9) | 23.7 (3.9) | 23.6 (3.8) | 0.491 | | Uric acid (μmol/L) | 262.7 (73.5) | 255.7 (70.9) | 283.6 (77.0) | <0.001 | | Creatinine (μmol/L) | 59.2 (12.2) | 57.7 (10.8) | 63.7 (14.7) | <0.001 | | eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 100.6 (11.1) | 101.9 (9.9) | 96.6 (13.2) | <0.001 | | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 0.397 | | Triglyceride (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.732 | | HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.031 | | LDL (mmol/L) | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.0 (0.9) | 3.0 (0.9) | 0.601 | | CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.6, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.3) | <0.001 | | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.4 (2.2) | 14.5 (2.2) | 14.3 (2.1) | <0.001 | | Diabetes | 1018 (14.1) | 758 (14.0) | 260 (14.4) | 0.571 | | Hypertension | 2577 (35.7) | 1840 (34.0) | 737 (40.9) | <0.001 | | CVD | 1005 (13.9) | 728 (13.5) | 277 (15.4) | 0.042 | | Central obesity | 1622 (22.5) | 1230 (22.7) | 392 (21.8) | 0.196 | | Anemia | 853 (11.8) | 585 (10.8) | 268 (14.9) | <0.001 |
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Note: data are (%) or mean (SD), unless stated otherwise. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IQR: interquartile range; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; PCE: personal consumption expenditure. |
