Review Article

Strongyloidiasis in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Prevalence, Diagnostic Methods, and Study Settings

Table 1

The main characteristics of the included articles.

Authors’ information and referenceDiagnostic methodsStudy settingsS. stercoralis Pos (, %)Sample size

Dacal et al., 2018, Angola [19]PCRSchool75 (21.4)351
Bocanegra et al., 2015, Angola [20]FECTSchool1 (0.07)1425
de Alegrıa et al., 2017, Angola [21]BCT, FECTSchool28 (12.2)230
Karou et al., 2011, Burkina Faso [22]DSMH/institution6 (0.05)11,728
Bopda et al., 2016, Cameroon [23]KKH/institution7 (2.1)334
Nsagha et al., 2016, Cameroon [11]FECTH/institution2 (0.7)300
Kuete et al., 2015, Cameroon [24]FECTH/institution4 (0.9)428
Becker et al., 2015, Côte d’Ivoire [25]BCT, culture, PCRCommunity56 (21.9)256
Glinz et al., 2010, Côte d’Ivoire [26]BCT, cultureSchool68 (27.1)251
Rayan et al., 2011, Egypt [27]BCT, FECT, culture, PCRH/institution18 (15.7)115
Roka et al., 2013, Equatorial Guinea [28]FECTH/institution28 (10.3)273
Roka et al., 2012, Equatorial Guinea [29]FECTH/institution23 (8.8)260
Amor et al., 2016, Ethiopia [6]BCT, FECT, PCRSchool82 (20.7)396
Abdia et al., 2017, Ethiopia [30]FECTSchool3 (0.7)408
Ramos et al., 2014, Ethiopia [31]DSMH/institution92 (0.3)32191
Zeynudin et al., 2013, Ethiopia [32]FECTH/institution6 (6.6)91
Assefa et al., 2009, Ethiopia [33]FECTH/institution28 (7.4)378
Wegayehu et al., 2013, Ethiopia [34]FECTCommunity51 (5.9)858
Huruy et al., 2011, Ethiopia [35]DSMH/institution12 (3.1)384
Gedle et al., 2015, Ethiopia [36]FECTH/institution5 (1.6)305
Abera et al., 2013, Ethiopia [37]FECTSchool27 (3.4)788
Derso et al., 2016, Ethiopia [38]DSMH/institution6 (1.6)384
Fekadu et al., 2013, Ethiopia [39]FECTH/institution36 (10.5)343
Abate et al., 2013, Ethiopia [40]FECTH/institution8 (2.0)410
Alemu et al., 2017, Ethiopia [41]FECTH/institution4 (1.8)220
Teklemariam et al., 2013, Ethiopia [42]FECTH/institution15 (4.0)371
Legesse et al., 2010, Ethiopia [43]FECTSchool1 (0.3)381
Hailu et al., 2015, Ethiopia [44]FECTH/institution5 (0.05)100
Nyantekyi et al., 2010, Ethiopia [45]FECTCommunity38 (13.2)288
Chala, 2013, Ethiopia [46]DSMH/institution73 (1.2)6342
M’bondoukwé et al., 2018, Gabon [47]DSMCommunity10 (3.7)270
Janssen et al., 2015, Gabon [48]CultureH/institution10 (4.0)252
M’bondoukwé et al., 2016, Gabon [49]DSMH/institution1 (1.0)101
Adu-Gyasi et al., 2018, Ghana [50]FECTCommunity14 (0.9)1569
Nkrumah et al., 2011, Ghana [51]DSMHospital6 (0.6)1080
Forson et al., 2017, Ghana [52]FECTSchool1 (0.3)300
Yatich et al., 2009, Ghana [53]BCTH/institution29 (3.9)746
Sam et al., 2018, Ghana [54]FECTSchool20 (5.1)394
Cunningham et al., 2018, Ghana [55]PCRCommunity5 (1.1)448
Kagira et al., 2011, Kenya [56]DSMH/institution3 (9.7)31
Walson et al., 2010, Kenya [57]FECTCommunity20 (1.3)1541
Arndt et al., 2013, Kenya [58]FECTCommunity5 (3.3)153
Meurs et al., 2017, Mozambique [59]FECT, BCT, PCRCommunity147 (48.5)303
Cerveja et al., 2017, Mozambique [60]DSMH/institution5 (1.3)371
Chukwuma et al., 2009, Nigeria [61]FECTSchool13 (5.9)220
Uhuo et al., 2011, Nigeria [62]FECTSchool4 (0.5)800
Wosu and Onyeabor, 2014, Nigeria [63]FECTSchool11 (3.6)304
Simon-oke et al., 2014, Nigeria [64]DSMSchool23 (12.8)180
Adekolujo et al., 2015, Nigeria [65]FECTH/institution4 (0.6)717
Olusegun et al., 2011, Nigeria [66]DSMSchool2 (0.7)304
Abaver et al., 2011, Nigeria [67]FECTH/institution3 (2.5)119
Ivoke et al., 2017, Nigeria [68]FECTH/institution8 (1.0)797
Ojurongbe et al., 2018, Nigeria [69]FECTH/institution2 (1.0)200
Emeka, 2013, Nigeria [70]FECTSchool28 (11.0)255
Esiet and Edet, 2017, Nigeria [71]FECTSchool46 (4.4)1055
Manir et al., 2017, Nigeria [72]FECTSchool10 (4.0)252
Onyido et al., 2016, Nigeria [73]FECTSchool1 (0.8)120
Abah and Arene, 2015, Nigeria [74]FECTSchool273 (7.1)3826
Damen et al., 2010, Nigeria [75]FECTSchool34 (6.8)500
Akinbo et al., 2010, Nigeria [76]FECTH/institution23 (1.2)2000
Ojurongbe et al., 2014, Nigeria [77]FECTSchool6 (3.7)162
Amoo et al., 2018, Nigeria [78]FECTH/institution10 (4.3)231
Alli et al., 2011, Nigeria [79]FECTH/institution4 (1.1)350
Eke et al., 2015, Nigeria [80]FECTSchool63 (13.1)480
Auta et al., 2013, Nigeria [81]FECTSchool12 (4.2)283
Aniwada et al., 2016, Nigeria [82]FECTSchool10 (1.2)859
Umar and Bassey et al., 2010, Nigeria [83]CultureSchool104 (37.1)280
Tuyizere et al., 2018, Rwanda [84]CultureCommunity94 (17.4)539
Ferreira et al., 2015, Sao Tome and Principe [85]FECTCommunity11 (2.5)444
Sow et al., 2017, Senegal [86]PCRH/institution6 (6.1)98
Babiker et al., 2009, Sudan [87]FECTH/institution2 (0.1)1500
Mohamed et al., 2018, Sudan [88]DSMH/institution1 (0.2)600
Knopp et al., 2014, Tanzania [89]BCT, PCRCommunity83 (7.4)1128
Salim et al., 2014, Tanzania [90]BCTCommunity71 (6.9)1033
Sikalengo et al., 2018, Tanzania [91]BCTH/institution89 (13.3)668
Mhimbira et al., 2017, Tanzania [92]BCT, FECTCommunity161 (16.6)972
Barda et al., 2017, Tanzania [93]BCT, cultureSchool36 (7.1)509
Oboth et al., 2019, Uganda [94]KKRefuge1 (0.2)476
Stothard et al., 2008, Uganda [95]BCTCommunity4 (1.3)301
Hillier et al., 2008, Uganda [96]BCTCommunity256 (12.4)2059
Kelly et al., 2009, Zambia [97]DSMCommunity14 (0.5)2981
Knopp et al., 2008, Zanzibar [98]BCT, cultureCommunity7 (2.2)319
Total2614 (2.7)96,069

BCT = Baermann concentration technique; DSM = direct saline microscopy; FECT = formol ether concentration technique; H/institution = health institution; KK = Kato-Katz; PCR = polymerase chain reaction.