10-HDA Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways

Figure 1

Effects of 10-HDA on the viability of human lung cancer cells. (a) A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H23 human lung cancer cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 μM) of 10-HDA and 5-FU for 24 h. (b) IMR90 human normal lung fibroblasts, L-02 human normal liver cells, and GES-1 human gastric epithelial mucosa cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 μM) of 10-HDA and 5-FU for 24 h. (c) A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H23 human lung cancer cells were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA and 5-FU for different time periods (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h). (d) IMR90 human normal lung fibroblasts, L-02 human normal liver cells, and GES-1 human gastric epithelial mucosa cells were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA and 5-FU for different time periods (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h). Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. , , and vs. the 5-FU group.

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