10-HDA Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways

Figure 2

Effects of 10-HDA on the apoptosis of A549 human lung cancer cells. (a) A549 cells were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA and 5-FU for different time periods (3, 6, 12, and 24 h), stained with Hoechst 33342 and PI, and observed by fluorescence microscopy. The scale bar is 100 μm. (b) A549 cells were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA for different time periods (3, 6, 12, and 24 h), and measured by flow cytometry. (c) A549 cells were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA for different time periods (3, 6, 12, and 24 h), and MMP was detected by flow cytometry. (d) A549 cells were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA for different time periods (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h), and the expression levels of apoptotic proteins (BAX, Bcl-2, cyto-c, caspase-3, and PARP) were detected by western blot analysis and were normalized to α-tubulin. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed by ImageJ software. , , and vs. the control group.

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