10-HDA Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways

Figure 4

Effects of ROS generation and apoptosis after treatment of human lung cancer cells with 10-HDA. (a) A549 cells and IMR90 human normal lung fibroblasts were treated with 30 μM 10-HDA after 24 h. ROS levels were examined by flow cytometry. (b) A549 cells were cultured with 30 μM 10-HDA or 0.25 μM (20 μL/mL) NAC for 24 h, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis. (c) A549 cells were pretreated with 0.25 μM (20 μL/mL) and NAC for 30 min, followed by treatment with 10-HDA for 24 h. The expression levels of MAPK, STAT3, NF-κB, and caspase-3 were detected by western blot analysis and normalized to α-tubulin. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed with ImageJ software. , , and vs. the control group and the NAC+10-HDA group.

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