Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro

Figure 5

Morphology of THP-1-derived macrophages cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) or polyurethane with different surface roughness. (a) Fluorescent images of macrophages cultured on different surfaces. The upper panel shows representative images of THP-1-derived macrophages polarized as M0, M1, or M2 phenotypic cells on TCP. The lower panel shows images of THP-1-derived macrophages cultured on polyurethane surfaces with different roughness (P0, P4, and P7). For fluorescent imaging cells were stained with AlexaFluor 555-phalloidin (actin cytoskeleton, green) and SYBR Green (nucleus, blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. (b) Morphological characteristics of THP-1-derived macrophages cultured on polyurethane samples differing in surface roughness. Data are derived from automated image analysis of cells cultured either under control conditions on TCP (M0, M1, and M2 polarization) or on different polyurethane surfaces with increasing roughness from P0 (flat) to P5 (roughest). P6 and P7 samples could not be analyzed due to the high degree of surface roughness. Graphs show total cell area (spreading), cell circularity, and cell elongation. Each data point shows of >200 cells. ^# vs. M0, ^$ vs. P0.

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