Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro

Figure 9

Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production from whole blood cultured on polyurethane with different surface roughness. Human whole blood was cultured for 48 hours with polyurethanes of increasing surface roughness (P0P7). The concentration of cytokines was assessed using multiplexed bead-based sandwich immunoassays. Data from three separate healthy donors analyzed in parallel are displayed as a heat map and as principal component analysis (PCA). (a) Heat map: Rows are centered; unit variance scaling is applied to rows. Rows are clustered using correlation distance and average linkage. 24 rows, 31 columns. (b) PCA: Unit variance scaling is applied to rows; SVD with imputation is used to calculate principal components. and axes show principal component 1 and principal component 2 that explain 78.4% and 11.9% of the total variance, respectively. data points. (https://biit.cs.ut.ee/clustvis/). Donors: , (a-c); L/S: LPS/SEB; LLOQ: lower limit of quantification.

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