Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro

Table 1

Nominal average roughness values of polyurethane specimens. Polyurethane samples were manufactured according to the VDI 3400 standard ranging from the “flat” sample P0 (no intentional surface roughness) and increasing in degree of roughness to sample P7 as the roughest surface.

	VDI 0	VDI 8	VDI 14	VDI 20	VDI 27	VDI 33	VDI 39	VDI 45
Sample label	P0	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7
Ra in μm	0.10	0.25	0.50	1.00	2.20	4.50	9.00	18.00