Association between Urinary Iodine Concentration and Thyroid Nodules in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Table 1
Distribution of characteristics among subjects with and without thyroid nodulesa.
Variables
Total subjects
Nonnodules
Nodules
12698
10666
2032
Sex, (%)
<0.001
Male
5506 (43.36)
4750 (44.53)
756 (37.20)
Female
7192 (56.64)
5916 (55.47)
1276 (62.80)
Age, years
44.00 (33.00–56.00)
42.00 (32.00–53.00)
54.00 (44.00–65.00)
<0.001
Menopause, (%)
<0.001
No
4428 (62.93)
3907 (67.54)
521 (41.65)
Yes
2608 (37.07)
1878 (32.46)
730 (58.35)
Smoking status, (%)
0.001
Nonsmokers
9554 (75.24)
7967 (74.70)
1587 (78.10)
Smokers
3144 (24.76)
2699 (25.30)
445 (21.90)
Educational status, (%)
<0.001
Absent from education
244 (1.93)
171 (1.61)
73 (3.62)
Primary and junior high school
3755 (29.78)
3012 (28.43)
743 (36.87)
Senior high school
3694 (29.29)
3125 (29.50)
569 (28.24)
College and above
4917 (38.99)
4287 (40.46)
630 (31.27)
Type of salt used, (%)
0.707
Iodized
12485 (98.52)
10489 (98.51)
1996 (98.62)
Noniodized
187 (1.48)
159 (1.49)
28 (1.38)
Family history of thyroid diseases, (%)
0.189
No
11950 (94.70)
10053 (94.81)
1897 (94.10)
Yes
669 (5.30)
550 (5.19)
119 (5.90)
BMI, kg/m2
23.66 (21.34–26.04)
23.45 (21.18–25.91)
24.53 (22.31–26.72)
<0.001
Waist circumference, cm
80.00 (74.00–88.00)
80.00 (73.00–87.00)
83.00 (76.00–90.00)
<0.001
Systolic pressure, mmHg
120.00 (110.00–130.00)
120.00 (109.00–130.00)
125.00 (110.00–140.00)
<0.001
Diastolic pressure, mmHg
78.00 (70.00–84.00)
78.00 (70.00–82.00)
80.00 (70.00–86.00)
<0.001
TSH, mIU/L
2.43 (1.67–3.54)
2.46 (1.70–3.56)
2.29 (1.52–3.40)
<0.001
TPOAb, IU/mL
8.17 (5.55–11.92)
8.18 (5.55–11.98)
8.03 (5.58–11.57)
0.274
TgAb, IU/mL
10.00 (10.00–11.74)
10.00 (10.00–11.77)
10.00 (10.00–11.54)
0.181
UIC, μg/L
206.09 (137.85–301.01)
210.60 (140.87–307.41)
186.31 (123.59–270.85)
<0.001
aData are described as median with interquartile range for continuous variables or as counts with percentages for categorical variables. BMI: body mass index; TSH: serum thyrotropin; TPOAb: thyroid peroxidase antibodies; TgAb: thyroglobulin antibodies; UIC: urinary iodine concentration.
