Research Article
Association of Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio below 30 mg/g and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Characteristics of patients grouped by left ventricular hypertrophy.
| | Variables | LVH | value | | No (n = 255) | Yes (n = 62) |
| | Age (years) | 53.3 ± 11.8 | 63.0 ± 10.5 | <0.001 | | Female, n (%) | 80 (31.4) | 45 (72.6) | <0.001 | | Smoking, n (%) | 71 (27.8) | 6 (9.7) | 0.003 | | Hypertension, n (%) | 75 (29.4) | 44 (71.0) | <0.001 | | Carotid plaque, n (%) | 39 (15.3) | 11 (17.7) | 0.635 | | Duration of diabetes (years) | 5 (1–10) | 9 (5–13) | 0.001 | | SBP (mmHg) | 132.3 ± 17.3 | 139.6 ± 19.6 | 0.004 | | DBP (mmHg) | 81.1 ± 10.3 | 80.9 ± 12.3 | 0.925 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 25.9 ± 5.5 | 0.025 | | Obesity, n (%) | 30 (11.8) | 17 (27.4) | 0.002 |
| | Medication history | | ACEI/ARB use, n (%) | 42 (16.5) | 27 (43.5) | <0.001 | | Statin use, n (%) | 102 (40.0) | 30 (48.4) | 0.230 | | CCB use, n (%) | 24 (9.4) | 17 (27.4) | <0.001 | | β-Blocker, n (%) | 11 (4.3) | 5 (8.1) | 0.375 |
| | Laboratory values | | HbA1c (%) | 8.5 (6.9–10.4) | 8.9 (6.6–10.6) | 0.948 | | HOMA-IR | 1.45 (0.71–2.81) | 1.51 (0.81–3.66) | 0.457 | | FPG (mmol/L) | 6.9 (5.4–8.6) | 6.9 (5.8–8.6) | 0.765 | | Anemia, n (%) | 21 (8.2) | 8 (12.9) | 0.253 | | CHOL (mmol/L) | 4.80 ± 1.03 | 4.85 ± 1.16 | 0.755 | | LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.03 ± 0.83 | 3.04 ± 0.90 | 0.877 | | HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.03 ± 0.28 | 1.09 ± 0.29 | 0.177 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.28 (0.97–1.97) | 1.44 (1.10–2.04) | 0.246 | | ALB (g/L) | 39.0 ± 4.3 | 38.4 ± 3.8 | 0.370 | | P (mmol/L) | 1.27 ± 0.22 | 1.23 ± 0.19 | 0.158 | | Na (mmol/L) | 140.3 ± 3.2 | 140.5 ± 2.6 | 0.670 | | Cl (mmol/L) | 103.5 ± 3.7 | 103.6 ± 3.0 | 0.869 | | UREA (mmol/L) | 5.0 (4.2–6.0) | 4.9 (4.2–6.1) | 0.918 | | UA (μmol/L) | 349.5 ± 99.9 | 337.6 ± 96.1 | 0.400 | | eGFR (mL·min−1·1.73 m−2) | 102.0 ± 27.9 | 97.2 ± 33.9 | 0.309 | | UACR (mg/g) | 6.2 (4.4–10.6) | 11.5 (6.0–21.2) | <0.001 |
| | Echocardiography | | EF (%) | 67.7 ± 5.6 | 67.1 ± 7.8 | 0.602 | | AO (mm) | 25.5 ± 3.3 | 25.9 ± 3.7 | 0.401 | | LA (mm) | 29.9 ± 3.9 | 32.1 ± 3.9 | <0.001 | | E/A | a(253) 0.82 (0.72–1.21) | (61) 0.70 (0.65–0.81) | <0.001 |
| | LV geometry | | Normal, n (%) | 72 (22.7) | — | — | | Concentric remodeling, n (%) | 183 (57.7) | — | — | | Eccentric hypertrophy, n (%) | — | 12 (3.8) | — | | Concentric hypertrophy, n (%) | — | 50 (15.8) | — |
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SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment ratio; EF = ejection fraction; AO = aortic root; LA = left atrial. aThe remaining valid data regardless of the missing ones.
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