Research Article
Association of Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio below 30 mg/g and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Characteristics of subjects categorized by UACR quartiles.
| | Variables | UACR (mg/g) | value | 0–4.4
n = 102 | 4.4–7.1
n = 56 | 7.1–12.4
n = 80 | 12.4–30
n = 79 |
| | Age (years) | 52.5 ± 10.5 | 53.8 ± 10.0 | 56.5 ± 13.2 | 58.2 ± 13.7 | 0.009 | | Female, n (%) | 23 (22.5) | 23 (41.1) | 39 (48.8) | 40 (50.6) | <0.001 | | Smoking, n (%) | 34 (33.3) | 13 (23.2) | 15 (18.8) | 15 (19.0) | 0.068 | | Hypertension, n (%) | 28 (27.5) | 17 (30.4) | 27 (33.8) | 47 (59.5) | <0.001 | | Carotid plaque, n (%) | 13 (12.7) | 9 (16.1) | 14 (17.5) | 14 (17.7) | 0.774 | | Duration of diabetes (years) | 5 (1–9) | 7 (1–10) | 6 (1–10) | 6 (1–12) | 0.419 | | SBP (mmHg) | 129.4 ± 15.5 | 134.4 ± 15.5 | 133.2 ± 18.0 | 139.5 ± 21.0 | 0.003 | | DBP (mmHg) | 81.3 ± 9.2 | 79.7 ± 10.7 | 80.6 ± 10.3 | 82.1 ± 12.9 | 0.899 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 24.8 ± 4.0 | 24.4 ± 4.3 | 24.5 ± 4.2 | 0.923 | | Obesity, n (%) | 12 (11.8) | 11 (19.6) | 14 (17.5) | 10 (12.7) | 0.469 |
| | Medication history | | ACEI/ARB use, n (%) | 15 (14.7) | 10 (17.9) | 17 (21.3) | 27 (34.2) | 0.014 | | Statin use, n (%) | 45 (44.1) | 24 (42.9) | 27 (33.8) | 36 (45.6) | 0.416 | | CCB use, n (%) | 11 (10.8) | 8 (14.3) | 8 (10.3) | 14 (17.7) | 0.435 | | β-Blocker, n (%) | 5 (4.9) | 5 (8.9) | 4 (5.0) | 2 (2.5) | 0.422 |
| | Laboratory values | | HbA1c (%) | 7.6 (6.4–9.8) | 7.9 (6.2–10.1) | 9.7 (7.8–11.1) | 9.2 (7.2–10.8) | <0.001 | | HOMA-IR | 1.65 (0.71–3.08) | 1.24 (0.70–2.90) | 1.50 (0.74–3.83) | 1.35 (0.60–2.46) | 0.643 | | FPG (mmol/L) | 6.6 (5.3–8.3) | 6.9 (4.9–8.7) | 7.8 (6.0–9.9) | 6.5 (5.2–8.5) | 0.026 | | Anemia, n (%) | 7 (6.9) | 3 (5.4) | 6 (7.5) | 13 (16.5) | 0.074 | | CHOL (mmol/L) | 4.83 ± 1.03 | 4.96 ± 1.20 | 4.74 ± 0.99 | 4.75 ± 1.06 | 0.638 | | LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.07 ± 0.82 | 3.13 ± 1.03 | 3.02 ± 0.73 | 2.92 ± 0.82 | 0.492 | | HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.04 ± 0.29 | 1.01 ± 0.22 | 1.06 ± 0.31 | 1.06 ± 0.27 | 0.699 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.26 (0.95–1.95) | 1.33 (1.04–2.13) | 1.28 (0.93–1.80) | 1.44 (1.09–2.03) | 0.445 | | ALB (g/L) | 40.3 ± 3.3 | 39.3 ± 3.3 | 37.9 ± 4.8 | 37.7 ± 4.6 | <0.001 | | P (mmol/L) | 1.26 ± 0.23 | 1.29 ± 0.21 | 1.26 ± 0.20 | 1.26 ± 0.23 | 0.882 | | Na (mmol/L) | 140.9 ± 2.4 | 140.4 ± 3.5 | 140.5 ± 2.4 | 139.6 ± 4.0 | 0.054 | | Cl (mmol/L) | 104.1 ± 3.2 | 103.8 ± 3.7 | 103.2 ± 2.9 | 103.1 ± 4.4 | 0.201 | | UREA (mmol/L) | 5.1 (4.5–6.0) | 5.5 (4.2–6.2) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 4.8 (3.9–5.7) | 0.550 | | UA (μmol/L) | 367.4 ± 91.5 | 347.6 ± 98.3 | 334.7 ± 96.9 | 333.2 ± 108.6 | 0.068 | | eGFR (mL·min−1·1.73 m−2) | 96.0 ± 20.4 | 100.6 ± 27.4 | 107.5 ± 31.6 | 101.2 ± 36.0 | 0.164 |
| | Echocardiography | | EF (%) | 68.4 (64.0–72.0) | 69.9 (64.2–72.1) | 67.0 (64.7–72.7) | 67.0 (64.0–71.0) | 0.510 | | AO (mm) | 25.9 ± 3.0 | 25.1 ± 4.0 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 0.216 | | LA (mm) | 33.0 ± 3.6 | 30.5 ± 4.1 | 29.8 ± 3.8 | 31.1 ± 4.6 | 0.193 | | LVIDd (mm) | 42.7 ± 3.9 | 42.7 ± 4.6 | 41.5 ± 4.4 | 41.5 ± 4.4 | 0.108 | | LVIDs (mm) | 26.5 ± 3.2 | 26.2 ± 3.0 | 25.9 ± 3.7 | 26.2 ± 3.9 | 0.777 | | IVSd (mm) | 10.5 ± 1.3 | 10.6 ± 1.6 | 10.5 ± 1.7 | 11.3 ± 1.8 | 0.008 | | LVPWd (mm) | 9.8 ± 1.3 | 9.9 ± 1.5 | 9.9 ± 1.4 | 10.5 ± 1.6 | 0.003 | | RWT | 0.46 ± 0.07 | 0.47 ± 0.10 | 0.48 ± 0.09 | 0.51 ± 0.10 | 0.001 | | LVMI (g/m2,7) | 36.4 ± 8.0 | 38.3 ± 8.7 | 37.2 ± 8.1 | 41.7 ± 11.5 | 0.003 | | E/A | 0.82 (0.74–1.19) | 0.81 (0.73–1.16) | a(79) 0.80 (0.67–1.14) | (77) 0.73 (0.65–0.88) | 0.008 | | LVH, n (%) | 11 (10.8) | 9 (16.1) | 13 (16.3) | 29 (36.7) | <0.001 |
|
|
LVIDd = left ventricular internal dimension diastole; LVIDs = left ventricular internal systole; IVSd = interventricular septal dimension; LVPWd = left ventricular posterior wall dimension. aThe remaining valid data regardless of the missing ones.
|
