A Radiographic Study of Biomechanical Relationship between the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia

Figure 2

The Fowler–Philip angle was measured between an inferior line which was tangent to the inferior margin of the calcaneocuboid joint and the plantar tuberosity of the calcaneus and a superior line which was tangent to the posterior prominence at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. Normal range is between 44 and 69 degrees, measurements greater than or equal to 75 degrees were thought to be consistent with Haglund’s deformity.