Research Article
The Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio Is Associated with All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Table 1
Characteristics of the study patients according to neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratios.
| | Characteristics | Neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratios | value | | <22.1 (n = 2492) | ≥22.1, <28.1 (n = 2494) | ≥28.1 (n = 2495) |
| | Age (years) | 62.0 ± 18.1 | 65.7 ± 17.0 | 65.8 ± 16.6 | <0.01 | | Gender, n (%) | | | | <0.01 | | Female | 989 (39.7) | 1072 (43.0) | 1184 (47.5) | | | Male | 1503 (60.3) | 1422 (57.0) | 1311 (52.5) | | | Ethnicity, n (%) | | | | <0.01 | | White | 1706 (69.6) | 1777 (72.4) | 1741 (71.1) | | | Black | 331 (13.5) | 231 (9.4) | 221 (9.0) | | | Other | 414 (16.9) | 448 (18.2) | 486 (19.9) | | | NPAR | 17.4 ± 4.7 | 25.0 ± 1.7 | 35.4 ± 7.3 | <0.01 | | SBP (mmHg) | 119.8 ± 18.2 | 118.7 ± 17.7 | 114.0 ± 16.4 | <0.01 | | DBP (mmHg) | 62.9 ± 11.9 | 60.6 ± 11.1 | 58.2 ± 10.7 | <0.01 | | MBP (mmHg) | 79.6 ± 12.1 | 77.7 ± 11.4 | 75.0 ± 11.1 | 0.03 | | Heart rate (beats/minute) | 86.9 ± 17.9 | 87.4 ± 16.9 | 91.1 ± 17.1 | <0.01 | | Respiratory rate (beats/minute) | 19.4 ± 4.3 | 19.8 ± 4.2 | 20.4 ± 4.6 | <0.01 | | Temperature (°C) | 36.9 ± 0.7 | 36.8 ± 0.7 | 36.8 ± 0.8 | <0.01 | | SPO2 (%) | 97.0 ± 2.8 | 97.0 ± 2.3 | 97.0 ± 3.0 | 0.18 | | Comorbidities, n (%) | | Coronary artery disease | 360 (14.4) | 524 (21.0) | 384 (15.4) | <0.01 | | Congestive heart failure | 570 (22.9) | 611 (24.5) | 447 (17.9) | <0.01 | | Atrial fibrillation | 543 (21.8) | 732 (29.4) | 701 (28.1) | <0.01 | | Stroke | 257 (10.3) | 216 (8.7) | 152 (6.1) | <0.01 | | Renal disease | 384 (15.4) | 458 (18.4) | 431 (17.3) | 0.02 | | Liver disease | 203 (8.1) | 259 (10.4) | 339 (13.6) | <0.01 | | Pneumonia | 701 (28.1) | 827 (33.2) | 922 (37.0) | 0.14 | | Malignancy | 425 (17.1) | 388 (15.6) | 595 (23.8) | <0.01 | | Respiratory failure | 875 (35.1) | 1015 (40.7) | 1289 (51.7) | <0.01 | | Laboratory parameters | | Neutrophil (%) | 65.8 ± 20.3 | 82.1 ± 8.8 | 85.2 ± 8.0 | <0.01 | | Albumin (g/dl) | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | <0.01 | | Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 20.7 ± 5.5 | 20.7 ± 5.5 | 19.6 ± 5.7 | <0.01 | | Creatinine (mEq/L) | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | <0.01 | | Chloride (mmol/L) | 100.6 ± 6.8 | 101.0 ± 7.1 | 102.5 ± 7.7 | <0.01 | | Glucose (mg/dl) | 143.1 ± 50.0 | 147.1 ± 48.5 | 146.0 ± 52.4 | <0.01 | | Hematocrit (%) | 31.2 ± 6.5 | 30.1 ± 6.2 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | <0.01 | | Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.7 ± 2.3 | 10.2 ± 2.1 | 9.3 ± 1.9 | <0.01 | | Platelet (109/L) | 183.0 ± 99.5 | 201.1 ± 111.3 | 203.4 ± 139.0 | <0.01 | | Sodium (mmol/L) | 136.3 ± 5.4 | 136.0 ± 5.8 | 135.9 ± 6.2 | 0.01 | | Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | <0.01 | | BUN (mg/dl) | 26.0 ± 21.7 | 32.7 ± 25.1 | 35.9 ± 26.5 | <0.01 | | WBC (109/L) | 9.7 ± 12.8 | 11.1 ± 6.8 | 12.8 ± 7.6 | <0.01 | | PT (seconds) | 14.8 ± 4.9 | 15.6 ± 6.1 | 16.0 ± 5.1 | <0.01 | | APTT (seconds) | 30.6 ± 11.8 | 31.5 ± 12.1 | 33.9 ± 12.7 | <0.01 | | INR | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | | Scoring systems | | SOFA | 5.1 ± 3.6 | 5.5 ± 3.4 | 6.6 ± 3.8 | <0.01 | | SAPSII | 37.9 ± 15.5 | 40.7 ± 13.9 | 45.8 ± 15.4 | <0.01 | | AKI stage, n (%) | | | | <0.01 | | Stage 1 | 641 (25.7) | 557 (22.3) | 484 (19.4) | | | Stage 2 | 386 (15.5) | 413 (16.6) | 436 (17.5) | | | Stage 3 | 1465 (58.8) | 1524 (61.1) | 1575 (63.1) | | | Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 214 (8.6) | 253 (10.1) | 322 (12.9) | <0.01 | | Vasopressor use, n (%) | 841 (33.7) | 921 (36.9) | 1247 (50.0) | <0.01 | | ICU LOS (days) | 4.9 ± 6.4 | 5.7 ± 7.2 | 7.1 ± 8.7 | <0.01 | | 30-day mortality, n (%) | 386 (15.5) | 510 (20.4) | 797 (31.9) | <0.01 | | 90-day mortality, n (%) | 522 (20.9) | 688 (27.6) | 1032 (41.4) | <0.01 | | 365-day mortality, n (%) | 702 (28.2) | 939 (37.7) | 1283 (51.4) | <0.01 |
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NPAR: neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; WBC: white blood cell; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: international normalized ratio; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; SAPSII: simplified acute physiology score II; AKI: acute kidney injury; ICU: intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay.
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