Biomechanical Consequences of Nail Insertion Point and Anterior Cortical Perforation for Antegrade Femoral Nailing

Figure 1

Radiographic views of test groups: (a) typical coronal view of the proximal femur, nail, and lag screw for all implanted groups; (b) anterior nail insertion without perforation; (c) neutral nail insertion without perforation; (d) posterior nail insertion without perforation; (e) posterior nail insertion with perforation. An intact (INT) group, not shown, was also used as the control.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)