Association between Gout, Urate-Lowering Therapy, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 4

Incidence and adjusted hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stratified by average days used per year, average dose per year, and average days per year of antigout therapy.

Medication exposed		Event	Person-years	Rate	aHR (95% CI)^a
Sulfinpyrazone^#
Nongout control	69,326	2,530	572,908	4.42	1.00
≤1600 mg	1,204	34	11,783	2.89	0.58 (0.41, 0.82)
>1600 mg	1,229	43	10,206	4.21	0.66 (0.48, 0.89)
Allopurinol^#
Nongout control	69,326	2,530	572,908	4.42	1.00
≤1000 mg	6,021	217	60,065	3.61	0.73 (0.64, 0.84)
>1000 mg	6,139	303	52,346	5.79	0.90 (0.80, 1.02)
Colchicine^#
Nongout control	69,326	2,530	572,908	4.42	1.00
≤5 mg	4,769	324	35,983	9.00	1.63 (1.45, 1.83)
>5 mg	37,207	1,863	319,385	5.83	1.14 (1.07, 1.22)

^#Average dose used per year is partitioned into two segments by median. ^#Rate: incidence rate, per 1,000 person-years; crude HR: crude hazard ratio. ^†Adjusted HR: multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities of hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, COPD, CAD, alcohol-related illness, and asthma. ; ; .