(a) Baseline profiles
Markers ESWT group Sham group IL-6 1.42 (0.97, 2.44) 1.68 (1.24, 2.13) 0.584 TNF-α 0.81 (0.71, 1.35) 0.84 (0.53, 1.01) 0.251 IL-1β 3.17 (1.96, 5.36) 1.57 (1.00, 3.75) 0.463 TGF-β 1 26884.6 (21154.3, 29731.4) 24074.3 (20721.7, 28819.6) 0.526 VEFG 168.52 (122.51, 232.54) 163.32 (74.97, 224.38) 0.659 Sub P 176.51 (143.57, 242.21) 167.77 (123.32, 241.10) 0.573 DKK-1 3458.80 (2955.63, 3641.98) 3472.66 (2989.00, 4492.58) 0.322 IGF-1 123.89 (97.99, 157.06) 126.48 (115.47, 149.40) 0.586
(b) One week after intervention
Markers ESWT group Sham group IL-6 1.32 (1.01, 2.51) 1.58 (1.02, 1.93) 0.690 TNF-α 0.84 (0.62, 1.39) 0.75 (0.55, 0.96) 0.131 IL-1β 4.61 (1.81, 5.81) 1.05 (0.61, 7.74) 0.525 TGF-β 1 22324.1 (18882.5, 24578.5) 22404.4 (19687.9, 28536.8) 0.610 VEFG 153.40 (117.70, 209.25) 160.86 (68.38, 195.81) 0.887 Sub P 198.69 (147.02, 240.95) 179.94 (120.48, 318.15) 0.574 DKK-1 3267.62 (2729.97, 3613.64) 3433.46 (2890.84, 4135.69) 0.193 IGF-1 123.72 (99.96, 141.08) 123.46 (106.44, 150.17) 0.518
(c) Four weeks after intervention
Markers ESWT group Sham group IL-6 1.97 (1.23, 2.73) 1.69 (1.26, 2.11) 0.263 TNF-α 0.92 (0.70, 1.41) 0.74 (0.48, 1.18) 0.111 IL-1β 3.24 (1.42, 4.79) 1.62 (0.74, 3.39) 0.255 TGF-β 1 22739.9 (16866.4, 30116.9) 22333.6 (19238.3, 25252.1) 0.568 VEFG 177.68 (107.51, 203.46) 159.75 (72.13, 221.06) 0.947 Sub P 182.28 (160.39, 223.34) 193.86 (130.87, 320.81) 0.681 DKK-1 3449.47 (2915.13, 3825.28) 3281.84 (3008.54, 3939.20) 0.535 IGF-1 132.18 (105.82, 147.21) 138.80 (113.45, 148.44) 0.533
DKK-1: dickkopf-related protein 1; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; IL-1β : interleukin 1-beta; IL-6: interleukin 6; Sub P: substance P; TGF-β 1: transforming growth factor-beta 1; TNF-α : tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
