Prediction and Potential Preventions for the Development of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis after the Terrible Triad Injury: A Multicenter Risk Factors Study

Table 1

Patient demographics, injury, and treatment information.

	Mild or no PTOA ()	Moderate or severe PTOA ()	value
Age, years, mean (±SD)	41.2 (±12.7)	42.1 (±11.5)	0.198
Gender, (%)			0.806
Male	82 (61.2)	38 (59.4)
Female	52 (38.8)	26 (40.6)
Dominance, (%)			0.822
Dominant	71 (53.0)	35 (54.7)
Nondominant	63 (47.0)	29 (45.3)
Diabetes mellitus, (%)	17 (12.7)	5 (7.8)	0.307
Alcohol abuse, (%)	45 (33.6)	31 (48.4)	0.044
Hypertension, (%)	35 (26.1)	12 (18.8)	0.254
Smoking, (%)	40 (29.9)	19 (29.7)	0.981
BMI
Mean (±SD)	23.6 (±2.8)	24.4 (±2.9)	0.383
Overweight, (%)	41 (30.6)	28 (43.8)	0.069
Occupation, (%)
Heavy use	28 (20.9)	24 (37.5)	0.013
Coronoid fracture, (%)			<0.001
I	91 (67.9)	27 (42.2)
II	36 (26.9)	22 (34.4)
III	7 (5.2)	15 (23.4)
Radial head fracture, (%)			<0.001
I	10 (7.5)	1 (1.6)
II	63 (47)	12 (18.6)
III	61 (45.5)	51 (79.7)
MCL injury, (%)	17 (12.7)	28 (43.8)	<0.001
Time to surgery, days, mean (±SD)	4.9 (±3.5)	5.5 (±4.4)	0.311
Surgical approaches, (%)			0.018
Lateral	95 (70.9)	34 (53.1)
Posterior	12 (9.0)	5 (7.8)
Lateral with medial	27 (20.1)	25 (39.7)

(%) represents the percentage within each group.