Prediction and Potential Preventions for the Development of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis after the Terrible Triad Injury: A Multicenter Risk Factors Study

Table 2

Univariate analysis: association between moderate or severe PTOA and patient demographics, injury, and treatment information.

	Total ()	Moderate or severe PTOA	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	value
Age			1.006	0.982-1.031	0.624
Gender (%)
Male	120	38 (31.7)	0.927	0.505-1.702	0.806
Dominance (%)	106	35 (33.0)	0.934	0.514-1.698	0.822
Diabetes mellitus (%)	22	5 (22.7)	0.583	0.205-1.659	0.312
Alcohol abuse (%)	76	31 (40.8)	1.858	1.012-3.410	0.046
Hypertension (%)	47	12 (25.5)	0.653	0.313-1.363	0.256
Smoking (%)	59	19 (32.2)	0.992	0.517-1.903	0.981
BMI (%)
Overweight	69	28 (40.6)	1.764	0.953-3.265	0.071
Occupation (%)
Heavy use	52	24 (46.2)	2.271	1.179-4.375	0.014
Coronoid fracture (%)
I	118	27 (22.9)	Reference	Reference	Reference
II	58	22 (37.9)	2.060	1.041-4.076	0.038
III	22	15 (68.2)	7.222	2.671-19.528	<0.001
Radial head fracture (%)
I/II	86	13 (15.1)	Reference	Reference	Reference
III	112	51(45.5)	4.695	2.337-9.430	<0.001
MCL injury (%)	45	28 (62.2)	5.353	2.634-10.877	<0.001
Time to surgery			1.045	0.968-1.127	0.258
Surgical approaches (%)
Lateral	129	34 (26.4)	Reference	Reference	Reference
Posterior	17	5 (29.4)	1.164	0.382-3.548	0.789
Lateral with medial	52	25 (48.1)	2.587	1.323-5058	0.005

(%) represents the percentage of the total.