The Antler Cycle and Fecal Testosterone of Male Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor unicolor at the Horton Plains National Park in Sri Lanka

Figure 1

Antler stages of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor unicolor) recorded from Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka: (a) cast, (b) growing 1—single spike, (c) growing 2—antler fork into a Y as the second tine appears, (d) growing 3—velvet begins to harden as the third tine appears, (e) growth completed—velvet shedding begins, (f) hard antler, and (g) casting.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)