Protective Effects of Adiponectin against Cobalt Chloride-Induced Apoptosis of Smooth Muscle Cells via cAMP/PKA Pathway

Figure 2

CoCl₂ affects apoptotic markers in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. (a) CoCl₂ reduced SOD activity in a concentration-dependent manner. (b) CoCl₂ reduced SOD activity in a time-dependent manner. (c) CoCl₂ increased MDA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. (d) CoCl₂ increased MDA levels in a time-dependent manner. (e) CoCl₂ (50, 100, and 200 μM) significantly upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and downregulated Bcl-2 expression in SMCs. (f) Statistical analysis of the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. (g) CoCl₂ (100 μM) upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and downregulated Bcl-2 expression in a time-dependent manner in SMCs. (h) Statistical analysis of the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 ( vs. control, vs. control, , data shown as the ). CoCl₂: cobalt chloride; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: malondialdehyde; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein.

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