Prognostic Factors Analysis and Nomogram Construction of Dual Primary Lung Cancer: A Population Study

Table 4

The prognostic factors for overall survival according to cox proportional hazards regression model.

Variables	No of patients (%)	Univariate cox analysis			Multivariate cox analysis
		HR	95% CI	value	HR	95% CI	value
Age
<65	959 (25.2)	—	—	—	—	—	—
≥65	2832 (74.8)	1.34	1.22–1.47	<0.001	1.30	1.18–1.43	<0.001
Gender
Female	2021 (53.3)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Male	1770 (46.7)	1.32	1.22–1.42	<0.001	1.31	1.21–1.42	<0.001
Race
White	3222 (84.9)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Black	385 (10.2)	1.02	0.90–1.16	0.76	0.97	0.85–1.10	0.624
Others	184 (4.9)	0.65	0.53–0.80	<0.001	0.62	0.50–0.76	<0.001
Interval
<6 months	437 (11.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—
≥6 months	3354 (88.5)	1.26	1.12–1.43	<0.001	0.98	0.86–1.11	0.745
Primary site
Bilateral	2494 (65.7)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ipsilateral	1297 (34.3)	1.11	1.02–1.20	0.01	1.03	0.95–1.12	0.474
Histologic type
Aden-aden	708 (18.6)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Squa-squa	386 (10.1)	1.43	1.25–1.66	<0.001	1.28	1.10–1.51	0.002
Squa-aden	176 (4.7)	1.45	1.19–1.78	<0.001	1.23	1.00–1.51	0.046
Aden-squa	153 (4.1)	1.19	0.96–1.48	0.11	1.13	0.90–1.41	0.282
BAC-aden	107 (2.8)	0.86	0.66–1.14	0.29	0.94	0.71–1.24	0.658
Others	2261 (59.7)	1.28	1.15–1.43	<0.001	1.18	1.06–1.33	0.003
Grade
I/well	128 (3.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
II/moderate	616 (16.2)	1.43	1.06–1.91	0.02	1.28	0.95–1.72	0.101
III/poor	971 (25.6)	2.10	1.58–2.78	<0.001	1.64	1.23–2.19	<0.001
IV/undifferentiated	187 (4.9)	2.50	1.82–3.44	<0.001	1.63	1.18–2.25	0.003
Others/unknown	1889 (49.9)	2.71	2.05–3.57	<0.001	1.46	1.10–1.94	0.010
Stage
IA	646 (17.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—
IB	674 (17.8)	1.37	1.18–1.60	<0.001	1.29	1.11–1.50	<0.001
IIA	95 (2.6)	1.64	1.23–2.27	<0.001	1.07	0.79–1.45	0.001
IIB	206 (5.5)	1.73	1.42–2.12	<0.001	1.26	1.01–1.56	0.660
IIIA	476 (12.5)	2.10	1.80–2.45	<0.001	1.21	1.00–1.47	0.042
IIIB	702 (18.5)	2.04	1.78–2.36	<0.001	1.49	1.27–1.75	0.056
IV	992 (26.1)	3.60	3.15–4.11	<0.001	2.36	2.02–2.77	<0.001
LN metastasis
No/unknown	1990 (52.4)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Yes	1801 (47.6)	2.02	1.86–2.18	<0.001	1.51	1.34–1.70	<0.001
Surgery
Yes-yes	1285 (34.0)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Yes-no	1514 (39.9)	2.33	2.11–2.56	<0.001	1.81	1.61–2.02	<0.001
No-yes	185 (4.8)	1.36	1.12–1.67	<0.001	0.94	0.76–1.16	0.536
No-no	807 (21.3)	2.87	2.57–3.22	<0.001	1.92	1.68–2.19	<0.001
Radiation
Yes-yes	531 (14.1)	1.35	1.19–1.52
Yes-no	516 (13.6)	1.68	1.50–1.89
No-yes	970 (25.6)	1.19	1.08–1.31
No-no	1774 (46.7)	—	—
Chemotherapy
Yes-yes	520 (13.7)	1.48	1.32–1.65
Yes-no	790 (20.8)	1.00	0.89–1.11
No-yes	637 (16.9)	1.49	1.34–1.66
No-no	1844 (48.6)	—	—