Cholinergic Urticaria: Clinical Presentation and Natural History in a Tropical Country

Table 2

Comparison of clinical features and course of cholinergic urticaria demonstrated by our study and previous studies.

Author (yr) (study design)

City (country)

Latitude

Climate zone

Average temperature in summer (°C)

Prevalence of CholU among all chronic urticaria cases (%)

No. (case)

Male (%)

Mean age at symptom onset (yr)

Atopy (%)

History of anaphylaxis (%)

Concomitant form of other urticaria

Mean disease duration^# (yr)

Tropical zone

This study (2019) (retrospective study)

Bangkok (Thailand)

13.7^°N

Tropical

35.4

0.7%

16

56.3

28

18.8

0

CSU 25%; Dermographism 18.8%; Cold urticaria 12.5%; Cold urticaria and dermographism 6.3%

4.3

Sánchez et al.^19 (2017) (prospective study)

Medellín

6.3^°N

Tropical

28.5

2%

5

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Dermographism 60%

4

Bogotá (Colombia)

4.7^°N

Subtropical

20.2

Godse et al.^6 (2013) (cross-sectional study by questionnaire survey)

Western India

23.9^°N

Tropical

40

4.16%

25

56

N/A

N/A

0

CSU 8%

N/A

Temperature zone

Seo1 et al.^8 (2019) (retrospective study)

Chuncheon (Korea)

37.8^°N

Temperate

25.7

0.023%

11,429

42

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Kim et al.^9 (2014) (retrospective study)

Seoul (Korea)

37.5^°N

Temperate

25.7

N/A

92

100

27.8

16.3

3

Dermographism 6.5%; Cold urticaria 3.3%; Food-induced urticaria 2.2%

4

Zuberbier et al.^7 (1994) (cross-sectional study by questionnaire survey)

Berlin (Germany)

52.5^°N

Temperate

24

11.2%

55

43.6

N/A

45.5%

0

N/A

N/A

Asady et al.^2 (2017) (retrospective study)

Berlin (Germany)

52.5^°N

Temperate

24

N/A

200

42

28.1

102

N/A

Another form of chronic urticaria 37.5% (mostly CSU 24.5%)

4.6

Abbreviations: CholU: cholinergic urticaria; CSU: chronic spontaneous urticaria; N/A: not available. Excluding studies that did not provide adequate information. ^#Mean disease duration ranges from onset of symptom to disease remission (in case of remission).