Treatment with Minocycline Suppresses Microglia Activation and Reverses Neural Stem Cells Loss after Simulated Microgravity

Figure 4

Microgravity does not affect the differentiation of NSCs in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. (a, b) Representative confocal microscope images show NeuN (green) and BrdU (red) double-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus at four weeks after BrdU injection. (d, e) The high-magnification views of the rectangular areas in their respective panels. The arrows in (d) and (e) show BrdU and NeuN double-labeled cells. Scale bars: 200 mm (a, b); 25 mm (d, e). (c) Quantification of BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells in the dentate gyrus. In comparison with the control, exposure to microgravity significantly decreased the number of BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells. (f) The percentage of BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells to the total BrdU + cells did not differ between the control and TS groups. Error bars represent SD. , compared with the control (Bonferroni post hoc test after one-way ANOVA).