HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated with Development of Macroalbuminuria in Normal or Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study
Table 1
Characteristics of patients without initial macroalbuminuria stratified by both urine albumin/creatinine ratio and HbA1c variability.
UACR< 30 mg/gm
UACR between 30 to 300 mg/gm
value
<median HbA1c-SDϮ (n = 20) group 1
≥median HbA1c-SDϮ (n = 20) group 2
<median HbA1c-SDϮ (n = 35) group 3
≥median HbA1c-SDϮ (n = 35) group 4
Characteristics
Age (year)
61.2 ± 9.99
59.8 ± 5.75
65.5 ± 7.12
60.9 ± 9.81
0.05
Sex (female/male)
4/16
8/12
10/25
10/25
0.59
Diabetes duration (year)
8.7 ± 7.17
10.8 ± 6.06
11.5 ± 7.57
10.4 ± 6.04
0.51
Height (cm)
163.6 ± 7.32
162.3 ± 8.18
162.9 ± 8.16
163.7 ± 8.22
0.92
Body weight (Kg)
66.8 ± 10.79
69.5 ± 12.49
68.7 ± 11.58
71.4 ± 10.93
0.52
Body mass index
25.0 ± 2.81
26.3 ± 3.98
25.6 ± 3.11
26.4 ± 3.45
0.42
Waist circumstance (cm)
87.4 ± 11.28
94.3 ± 7.74
94.3 ± 11.15
94.1 ± 7.76
0.12
SBP (mmHg)
136 ± 20.42
139.3 ± 17.75
132.5 ± 14.64
137.8 ± 17.31
0.47
DBP (mmHg)
75.1 ± 8.81
76.7 ± 11.63
70.5 ± 9.7
76.5 ± 9.43
0.05
Baseline underlying disease
Hypertension
12 (60)
16 (80)
30 (85.7)
26 (74.3)
0.18
Coronary heart disease
3 (15)
4 (20)
5 (14.3)
4 (11.4)
0.86
Ischemic stroke
2 (10)
2 (10)
4 (11.4)
4 (11.4)
1.0
Retinopathy
1 (5.3)
4 (20)
11 (32.4)
12 (37.5)
0.06
Six-year follow-up outcome
Percentage of macroalbuminuria, n (%)
1 (5)
1 (5)
5 (14.3)
12 (34.3)
0.009
Death
1(5)
1 (5)
3 (8.6)
2 (5.7)
0.933
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or n (%). Abbreviations: n, number of cases; UACR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; OHA. Ϯ = the value of median HbA1c-SD in the two groups (UACR <30 mg and UACR between 30–300 mg) was 0.32 and 0.92, respectively.
