The Effect of Different Treatment Regimens and Multiple Risk Factors on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Syphilis-Seropositive Women in Guangzhou: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 1

Different treatment regimens for pregnant women with syphilis prescribed by WHO, USA, UK, and China.

Country, year	Therapy regimens	Primary, secondary, or early	, latent of unknown duration
WHO, 2003 [1]; USA, 2015 [6]	Recommended regimens	Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units intramuscular (IM) in a single dose	Benzathine penicillin G 7.2 million units total, administered as 3 doses of 2.4 million units IM each at 1-week intervals
	If with penicillin allergy	Pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin should be desensitized and treated with penicillin
UK, 2015 [7]	Recommended regimens	Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM single dose in the first and second trimesters. When maternal treatment is initiated in the third trimester, a second dose of benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM should be given after one week (day 8)	Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM weekly on days 1, 8, and 15 (three doses)
	Alternative treatments	(1) Procaine penicillin G 600,000 units IM. Daily for 10 days; (2) Amoxicillin 500 milligrams (mg) orally four times a day (q.d.s.) plus probenecid 500 mg orally q.d.s. for 14 days; (3) Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM daily for 10 days; (4) Erythromycin 500 mg orally q.d.s. for 14 days; (5) Azithromycin 500 mg orally daily for 10 days	(1) Procaine penicillin G 600,000 units IM once a day for 14 days; (2) Amoxicillin 2 grams (g) orally thrice a day (t.d.s.) plus probenecid 500 mg q.d.s. for 28 days
China,2011 [9]; China, 2015 [8]	Recommended regimens	(1) Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM weekly, 3 doses for 1 course; (2) Procaine penicillin G 0.8 million units IM daily, 15-20 days for 1 course; Standardized treatment should meet the three conditions at the same time: (a) One of the above regimens was used; (b) Two courses of treatment were given during pregnancy, and the interval between the two courses was more than 2 weeks; (3) The second course was performed and completed in the third trimester
	Alternative treatments	(1) Ceftriaxone, 1 g daily, intramuscular or intravenous, 10-14 days for 1 course; (2) Erythromycin 500 mg, 4 times daily, orally, 15-30 days for 1 course; Two courses of treatment given during pregnancy, with the interval between the two courses more than 2 weeks; If pregnant women were given the above alternative treatments, they were considered to have received nonstandardized treatment